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Viral RNA sensing mechanisms and interferon production. In invertebrates Dicer alone sense the viral dsRNA and induce the production of siRNA. But in vertebrates, the viral dsRNA is sensed by RIG-I like receptor (RLR) that induce the interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) such as RLR and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA-5) and laboratory genetics and physiology 2 (LGP-2) leading to the production of interferons.
