Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of cancer patients who survived or died during hospitalization of nosocomial infections caused by MDR bacteria
| Characteristics | All N = 257 |
Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survivor N = 229, n (%) |
Non-survivor N = 28, n (%) |
P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | ||
| Demographic data | ||||||
| Sex (male) | 117 (45.5) | 103 (45.0) | 14 (50.0) | 0.614 | ||
| Age (years) | 59.6 ± 11.5 | 59.1 ± 11.4 | 63.6 ± 12.2 | 0.052 | 1.03 (0.96–1.10) | 0.413 |
| Smoking history | 0.039* | 0.048* | ||||
| Never smoker | 171 (66.5) | 153 (66.8) | 18 (64.3) | REF (1.00) | ||
| Former smoker | 46 (17.9) | 37 (16.2) | 9 (32.1) | 8.38 (1.10–63.74) | 0.040* | |
| Current smoker | 40 (15.6) | 39 (17.0) | 1 (3.6) | 0.44 (0.03–7.25) | 0.373 | |
| ECOG performance status | 0.002* | |||||
| 0,1 | 183 (71.2) | 170 (74.2) | 13 (46.4) | REF (1.00) | ||
| 2,3,4 | 74 (28.8) | 59 (25.8) | 15 (53.6) | 2.91 (0.55–15.34) | 0.207 | |
| Underlying cancer type | ||||||
| Head and neck cancer | 4 (1.6) | 3 (1.3) | 1 (3.6) | 0.371 | ||
| Lung cancer | 19 (7.4) | 17 (7.4) | 2 (7.1) | 1.000 | ||
| Esophago-gastrointestinal cancer | 74 (28.8) | 65 (28.4) | 9 (32.1) | 0.678 | ||
| Colon and rectal cancer | 34 (13.2) | 30 (13.1) | 4 (14.3) | 1.000 | ||
| Hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancer | 10 (3.9) | 8 (3.5) | 2 (7.1) | 0.671 | ||
| Breast cancer | 21 (8.2) | 18 (7.9) | 3 (10.7) | 0.877 | ||
| Genitourinary cancer | 15 (5.8) | 14 (6.1) | 1 (3.6) | 0.909 | ||
| Gynecological cancer | 63 (24.5) | 59 (25.8) | 4 (14.3) | 0.183 | ||
| Lymphoma | 4 (1.6) | 3 (1.3) | 1 (3.6) | 0.371 | ||
| Othersa | 13 (5.1) | 12 (5.2) | 1 (3.6) | 1.000 | ||
| Existence of distant metastasis | 0.008* | 1.32 (0.19–9.33) | 0.778 | |||
| None | 191 (74.3) | 176 (76.9) | 15 (53.6) | |||
| Yes | 66 (25.7) | 53 (23.1) | 13 (46.4) | |||
| Stage of cancer | 0.143 | |||||
| Stage I | 48 (18.7) | 44 (19.2) | 4 (14.3) | |||
| Stage II | 76 (29.6) | 71 (31.0) | 5 (17.9) | |||
| Stage III | 60 (23.3) | 54 (23.6) | 6 (21.4) | |||
| Stage IV | 73 (28.4) | 60 (26.2) | 13 (46.4) | |||
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Cerebrovascular disease | 6 (2.3) | 4 (1.7) | 2 (7.1) | 0.130 | ||
| Liver disease | 11 (4.3) | 7 (3.1) | 4 (14.3) | 0.023* | 7.17 (0.33–154.00) | 0.208 |
| Diabetes | 20 (7.8) | 17 (7.4) | 3 (10.7) | 0.810 | ||
| Renal disease | 15 (5.8) | 11 (4.8) | 4 (14.3) | 0.111 | ||
| CCI | 0.005* | 0.917 | ||||
| 0 | 203 (79.0) | 187 (81.7) | 16 (57.1) | REF (1.00) | ||
| 1–2 | 49 (19.1) | 39 (17.0) | 10 (35.7) | 0.73 (0.14–3.77) | 0.709 | |
| ≥ 3 | 5 (1.9) | 3 (1.3) | 2 (7.1) | 1.08 (0.02–58.19) | 0.968 | |
| Existence of fever | 103 (40.1) | 88 (38.4) | 15 (53.6) | 0.123 | ||
| Surgery (within 30 days) | 0.003* | 0.066 | ||||
| None | 148 (57.6) | 124 (54.1) | 24 (85.7) | REF (1.00) | ||
| Curative surgery | 93 (36.2) | 91 (39.7) | 2 (7.1) | 0.01 (0.00–0.53) | 0.024 | |
| Palliative surgery | 16 (6.2) | 14 (6.1) | 2 (7.1) | 0.36 (0.02–6.02) | 0. 479 | |
| Chemotherapy (within 30 days) | 0.026* | 0.800 | ||||
| None | 167 (65.0) | 146 (63.8) | 21 (75.0) | REF (1.00) | ||
| Neoadjuvant | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) | 0 | 0 | 1.000 | |
| Adjuvant | 57 (22.2) | 54 (23.6) | 3 (10.7) | 0 | 0.998 | |
| 1st line | 20 (7.8) | 20 (8.7) | 0 | 3.11 (0.22–44.84) | 0.405 | |
| 2nd line | 7 (2.7) | 4 (1.7) | 3 (10.7) | 0.05 (0.00–12.95) | 0.285 | |
| ≥ 3rd line | 5 (1.9) | 4 (1.7) | 1 (3.6) | 0.74 (0.08–7.02) | 0.796 | |
| Radiotherapy (within 30 days) | 34 (13.2) | 31 (13.5) | 3 (10.7) | 0.904 | ||
|
Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (within 30 days) |
37 (14.4) | 36 (15.7) | 1 (3.6) | 0.149 | ||
|
Intrapleural/abdominal infusion (within 30 days) |
10 (3.9) | 5 (2.2) | 5 (17.9) | < 0.001* | 23.92 (2.16–264.29) | 0.010* |
| Corticosteroid therapy (within 30 days) | 125 (48.6) | 112 (48.9) | 13 (46.4) | 0.804 | ||
| Prior infection (within 30 days) | 13 (5.1) | 10 (4.4) | 3 (10.7) | 0.322 | ||
| Prior G-CSF use (within 30 days) | 90 (35.0) | 84 (36.7) | 6 (21.4) | 0.110 | ||
| Prior antibiotics use (within 30 days) | 12 (4.7) | 11 (4.8) | 1 (3.6) | 1.000 | ||
|
Presence of indwelling catheters or other devices |
||||||
| Biliary stent | 2 (0.8) | 2 (0.9) | 0 | 1.000 | ||
| Ureteral stent | 15 (5.8) | 15 (6.6) | 0 | 0.333 | ||
| Indwelling urinary catheters | 86 (33.5) | 82 (35.8) | 4 (14.3) | 0.023* | 31.62 (1.28–262.79) | 0.035* |
| CVC (port-a-cath or PICC) | 35 (13.6) | 31 (13.5) | 4 (14.3) | 1.000 | ||
| Percutaneous pleural drainage tube | 55 (21.4) | 51 (22.3) | 4 (14.3) | 0.331 | ||
| Percutaneous abdomen drainage tube | 6 (2.3) | 4 (1.7) | 2 (7.1) | 0.130 | ||
| Drains postoperation | 89 (34.6) | 85 (37.1) | 4 (14.3) | 0.017* | 1.43 (0.06–37.43) | 0.829 |
| Nasogastric tube | 67 (26.1) | 62 (27.1) | 5 (17.9) | 0.294 | ||
| Invasive procedure (within 30 days) | 157 (61.1) | 142 (62.0) | 15 (53.6) | 0.387 | ||
Abbreviations: MDR multidrug-resistant, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, ECOG Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, CCI Charlson Co-morbidity Index score, G-CSF granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, CVC central venous catheter, PICC peripherally inserted central catheter
a Others: primitive neuroectodermal tumor (4 patients), duodenal carcinoma three patients, thymic carcinoma, carcinoid cancer of appendix, and sarcoma two patients each
“*” represents P < 0.05