Table 1.

Prevalence, types and forms of sexual harassment against female nurses

Authors and Year	Country	Sample size	Prevalence	Types and forms of sexual harassment	Quality Score (0–9)
Othman et al. 2018, [21]	Kenya	120	27.50%	Sexual harassment	5
Fatema 2017, [22]	Bangladesh	133	71.00%	Sexual harassment	5
Hussein et al.2015, [23]	Egypt	110	87.30%	Verbal forms: Verbal comments to 27.57%,, Talking sexual words to 3.03%, Saying sexual jokes to 3.3%, Sending telephone to 12.43% Non-verbal: Whistling to 11.2%, sex look to 38.17%, Waving to 5.13%, Forced identification to 15.17%, Stalking to 2.7%, Touching nurses’ body to 4.23%, Removal of clothes to 2.70%	7
Ali et al.2015, [24]	Egypt	430	70.20%	Staring in suggestive manner at 70.90% of female nurses, Talking by sexual words to 58.60%, Comments or jokes to 57.30%, Unnecessary touches to 49.30%, Making an intercourse offer to 30.5%,Threatened sex to 9.6%, Rape to 1.30%	7
Mushtaq et al. 2015, [25]	Pakistan	200	71.66%	Sexual harassment	6
Khan et al.2015, [26]	Pakistan	150	80%	Sexual harassment	5
Park et al. 2015, [27]	South Korea.	970	19.70%	Sexual harassment	6
Subedi et al.2013, [28]	Nepal	134	40.30%	Verbal: Vulgar words heard by 22.39%, Vulgar jokes heard by 35.82%, Visual: People staring at 14.93% nurses’ body People showing naked pictures to 2.24% Contact: Trying to touch 4.48% of nurses Embracing without permission to 18% Blackmail for sex to 2.24%, Threatening for sex to 2.24% Facing rape like situation to 2.24%	5
Suhaila & Rampal 2012, [29]	Malaysia	455	51.20%	Verbal sexual harassment to 46.60%, Visual harassment to 24.80% Psychological harassment to 20.90%, Physical harassment to 20.70% Non –verbal harassment to16.70%	6
Shiao et al. 2010, [30]	Taiwan	842	28.10%	Sexual harassment, Physical Harassment,Verbal Harassment Assault 3.5%	7
Hibino et al. 2009, [31]	Japan	464	56%	Sexual jokes to 64.30% of the nurses, Physical contact to 59.70%, Gazing with sexual interest to 36.70%,Request for dating to 27.20%, Request to touch patients body to 14.80%, Hugging to14%, Stalking to 9.80%, Rape to 0.90%	7
Celik & Celik 2007, [32]	Turkey	622	37.10%	Sexual Harassment Uninvited sexual jokes, stories, questions, or words to 11.62% Allusive sexual behaviors with the eye, hand, or face to 6.98% Unwillingly asked out to 6.1%, Unwanted mail or telephone calls to 5.14%, Touched on the body to 4.22%, Perpetrators shown their body sexually to 3.98%, Any attempt to assault to 0.18%	7
Gunnarsdottir et al. 2006, [33]	Iceland	600	10%	Sexual harassment to 10%	8
Hibino et al. 2006, [34]	Japan	464	55.80%	Verbal: Making sexual jokes and remarks to 12.28%, Asking about private matters to 5.39%, Asking for dating in 3.23%, Making threats to 2.16% Non-verbal: Gazing at nurses to 4.74% Stalking or visiting the nurse at her home to 1.08% Contact: Touching the nurse’s body to as hugging to 10.78%, Trying to touch nurses’ body in 10.78%, Requesting the nurse to touch the patient’s body, Trying to bring the nurse to the patient’s bed, Attempting to sexually assault the nurse to 0.43%	8
Kisa et al. 2002, [35]	Turkey	215	73%	Suggestive looks to 20%, Sexual teasing and jokes to 19%, Suggestive physical gestures to 18%, Pressure for dates to 14%, Unwanted letters, telephone calls to 10%, Exposure of parts of the, body in a sexually suggestive way to 11%, Brushing, touching or grabbing to 19.53%	5
Matsuoka et al.2001, [36]	Japan	243	49.4%	Touching to 5.35%, gossip to 3.3%, brought up the topic of sexual relations to7.82% Asking sexual relations to 5.35%, touch body to 5.35, tried to touch nurses body in 24.28%, sexual jokes or words to 17.28% comment on body to 13.58%, gazing in an unpleasant manner to 6.17%, Send nude photo to 2.47%, send letter/phone call containing sexual issue to 3.29%	6
Shaikh 2000, [37]	Pakistan	89	43.67%	Verbal sexual harassment to 21.10% Physical sexual harassment to 16.90%	5
Kisa & Dziegielewski 1996, [38]	Turkey	229	75%	Sexual teasing and jokes to 72%, Suggestive physical gestures to 65%, Pressure for dates to 53%, Unwanted letters, telephone calls to36%, Exposure of parts of the body in a sexually suggestive way to 40%, Brushing, touching or grabbing and grossly inappropriate touching to 26.64%	7
Dan et al.1995, [39]	United States	52	80%	Sexual harassment Suggestive stories or offensive jokes to 51.9%, Unwelcome seductive behavior to 46.1%, Unwanted sexual attention to 41.4% Deliberately touched and made uncomfortably to 41.67% Unwanted discussion of personal or sexual matters to 35.87%	5
Libbus & Bowman 1994, [40]	United States	78	71.80%	Sexual jokes to 13.46%, Sexual remarks to 19.23%, Touch (brushing, patting, hugging) to 14.74 19%	5

Note: The study designs were descriptive cross sectional in all articles