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. 2020 Jun 29;13:328. doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-04204-0

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Aedes albopictus phenotypic and molecular analysis of insecticide resistance status, Greece. Sampling regions: ROD, Rodopi; THES, Thessaloniki; KEF, Kefalonia; PAT, Patras; ATT, Attica; CHS, Chios; KAL, Kalamata; ARG, Argolida; CHA, Chania; RET, Rethymno; HER, Heraklion. Molecular analysis includes the monitoring of: (i) mutations in the VGSC gene (substitutions in 3 loci: V1016G, I1532T and F1534C); (ii) mutations in the CHS-1 gene (substitution I1043L/M/F); and (iii) the presence of multiple CCEae3a and CCEae6a gene copies. Phenotypic analysis in a subgroup of populations includes: (i) CDC bottle bioassays in adult mosquitoes against deltamethrin (dlt) and malathion (mal) and (ii) WHO larval bioassays against Bti and diflubenzuron (dfb)