Table 1.
Patient characteristics before and after matching
| Covariates | Before matching | After matching | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Photon n = 349 |
Proton n = 64 |
p | SMD | Photon n = 55 |
Proton n = 55 |
p | SMD | |
| Age, years (mean (SD)) | 60.38 (11.91) | 65.53 (13.29) | 0.002 | 0.408 | 62.27 (11.79) | 63.90 (13.14) | 0.495 | 0.131 |
| Sex (%) | 0.024 | 0.287 | 0.303 | 0.198 | ||||
| Male | 292 (83.7) | 46 (71.9) | 48 (87.3) | 44 (80.0) | ||||
| Female | 57 (16.3) | 18 (28.1) | 7 (12.7) | 11 (20.0) | ||||
| Histology (%) | 0.867 | 0.207 | 1.000 | 0.067 | ||||
| Well differentiated | 7 (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
| Moderately differentiated | 58 (16.6) | 10 (15.6) | 7 (12.7) | 7 (12.7) | ||||
| Poorly differentiated | 24 (6.9) | 5 (7.8) | 4 (7.3) | 5 (9.1) | ||||
| Not available | 260 (74.5) | 49 (76.6) | 44 (80.0) | 43 (78.2) | ||||
| AJCC stage (%) | < 0.001 | 0.782 | 0.913 | 0.081 | ||||
| I/II | 32 (9.2) | 26 (40.6) | 18 (32.7) | 17 (30.9) | ||||
| III | 279 (79.9) | 33 (51.6) | 31 (56.4) | 33 (60.0) | ||||
| IVA | 38 (10.9) | 5 (7.8) | 6 (10.9) | 5 (9.1) | ||||
| Liver Fibrosis Score (%) | < 0.001 | 0.712 | 0.829 | 0.041 | ||||
| Ishak F1–4 | 51 (14.6) | 16 (25.0) | 14 (25.5) | 15 (27.3) | ||||
| Ishak F5–6 | 231 (66.2) | 48 (75.0) | 41 (74.5) | 40 (72.7) | ||||
| Not available | 67 (19.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
| Hepatitis B (%) | 0.001 | 0.663 | 0.920 | 0.077 | ||||
| Negative | 107 (30.7) | 25 (39.1) | 18 (32.7) | 20 (36.4) | ||||
| Positive | 166 (47.6) | 38 (59.4) | 36 (65.5) | 34 (61.8) | ||||
| Missing | 76 (21.8) | 1 (1.6) | 1 (1.8) | 1 (1.8) | ||||
| Hepatitis C (%) | 0.001 | 0.633 | 0.914 | 0.082 | ||||
| Negative | 197 (56.4) | 43 (67.2) | 40 (72.7) | 38 (69.1) | ||||
| Positive | 81 (23.2) | 20 (31.2) | 14 (25.5) | 16 (29.1) | ||||
| Missing | 71 (20.3) | 1 (1.6) | 1 (1.8) | 1 (1.8) | ||||
| Alpha-Fetoprotein (%) | < 0.001 | 0.719 | 0.701 | 0.073 | ||||
| < =200 ng/mL | 127 (36.4) | 35 (54.7) | 30 (54.5) | 32 (58.2) | ||||
| > 200 ng/mL | 155 (44.4) | 29 (45.3) | 25 (45.5) | 23 (41.8) | ||||
| Missing | 67 (19.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||||
| ALBI Grade (%) | < 0.001 | 0.610 | 0.604 | 0.192 | ||||
| 1 | 80 (22.9) | 24 (37.5) | 21 (38.2) | 20 (36.4) | ||||
| 2 | 231 (66.2) | 24 (37.5) | 26 (47.3) | 23 (41.8) | ||||
| Missing | 38 (10.9) | 16 (25.0) | 8 (14.5) | 12 (21.8) | ||||
| Child-Pugh class (%) | < 0.001 | 0.876 | 0.757 | 0.193 | ||||
| A | 204 (58.5) | 59 (92.2) | 51 (92.7) | 51 (92.7) | ||||
| B | 68 (19.5) | 4 (6.2) | 2 (3.6) | 4 (7.3) | ||||
| C | 4 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
| Missing | 73 (20.9) | 1 (1.6) | 2 (3.6) | 1 (1.8) | ||||
| Tumor number (%) | 0.157 | 0.229 | 0.741 | 0.198 | ||||
| Single | 128 (36.7) | 26 (40.6) | 21 (38.2) | 21 (38.2) | ||||
| Multiple | 213 (61.0) | 34 (53.1) | 33 (60.0) | 31 (56.4) | ||||
| Missing | 8 (2.3) | 4 (6.2) | 1 (1.8) | 3 (5.5) | ||||
| Size of the largest tumor (%) | 0.270 | 0.305 | 0.809 | 0.125 | ||||
| < =5 cm | 97 (27.8) | 24 (37.5) | 19 (34.5) | 17 (30.9) | ||||
| > 5 and < =10 cm | 132 (37.8) | 23 (35.9) | 22 (40.0) | 21 (38.2) | ||||
| > 10 cm | 111 (31.8) | 17 (26.6) | 14 (25.5) | 17 (30.9) | ||||
| Missing | 9 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
| PVTT (%) | < 0.001 | 0.922 | 0.669 | 0.199 | ||||
| Absent | 66 (18.9) | 36 (56.2) | 28 (50.9) | 28 (50.9) | ||||
| Present | 275 (78.8) | 24 (37.5) | 26 (47.3) | 24 (43.6) | ||||
| Missing | 8 (2.3) | 4 (6.2) | 1 (1.8) | 3 (5.5) | ||||
AJCC American Joint Committee on Cancer, ALBI Albumin-bilirubin, PVTT Portal vein tumor thrombosis, SMD Standardized mean difference