Table 1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Participants .
| Variable | Data (n = 813) | Association with ELCEa | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at death, mean (SD), y | 90.1 (6.3) | r = –0.02 | .52 |
| Women, No. (%) | 562 (69) | t684 = 0.45 | .65 |
| Educational level, mean (SD), y | 14.6 (2.9) | r = 0.45 | <.001 |
| White non-Hispanic, No. (%) | 782 (96) | t1003 = –5.41 | <.001 |
| APOE ε4, No. (%) | 193 (24) | t676 = –0.43 | .67 |
| Last visit | |||
| AD dementia, No. (%) | 323 (40) | t961 = 1.60 | .11 |
| MMSE score, mean (SD)b | 20.9 (9.0) | r = 0.12 | <.001 |
| Global cognitive function score, mean (SD)c | –0.9 (1.1) | r = 0.16 | <.001 |
| Vascular risk score, mean (SD)d | 1.3 (0.8) | r = –0.00 | .99 |
| Vascular diseases score, mean (SD)e | 0.8 (0.9) | r = –0.03 | .37 |
| Baseline cognitive activity level, mean (SD)f | 3.2 (0.8) | r = 0.32 | <.001 |
| Baseline self-perceived socioeconomic status, mean (SD)g | 6.6 (1.3) | r = 0.26 | <.001 |
Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer disease; ELCE, early-life cognitive enrichment; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination.
Estimates are either correlation coefficients (derived from Spearman correlations) or the t values with df derived from independent t tests.
Scores range from 0 to 30, with higher scores indicating better cognition.
Calculated as the sum of 3 self-reported vascular risk factors. Scores range from −4.0 to 1.3, with higher scores indicating better cognition.
Calculated as the sum of 4 self-reported vascular diseases. Scores range from 0 to 3, with higher scores indicating higher burden of vascular risk factors.
Based on self-reported cognitive activity. Scores range from 0 to 4, with higher scores indicating higher burden of vascular diseases.
Based on self-reported socioeconomic status. Scores range from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating higher levels of cognitive activity.
Available for 353 participants.