Table 2. Association of Non-AD Dementia-Associated Brain Pathological Changes With ELCE.
| Pathological change | No. (%) of participants (n = 813)a | Association with ELCEb | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | P value | ||
| Cortical Lewy bodies | 109 (13) | 0.79 (0.57-1.09) | .17 |
| TDP-43 protein | 1.11 (0.90-1.36) | .35 | |
| Stage 0 | 359 (44) | ||
| Stage 1 | 156 (19) | ||
| Stage 2 | 145 (18) | ||
| Stage 3 | 124 (15) | ||
| Hippocampal sclerosis | 85 (10) | 1.17 (0.81-1.69) | .40 |
| Macroscopic infarcts | 255 (31) | 0.90 (0.70-1.16) | .43 |
| Cortical macroscopic infarcts | 114 (14) | 0.97 (0.70-1.33) | .83 |
| Subcortical macroscopic infarcts | 230 (28) | 0.87 (0.68-1.12) | .29 |
| Microinfarcts | 205 (25) | 0.96 (0.73-1.25) | .75 |
| Atherosclerosis | 1.08 (0.88-1.33) | .44 | |
| None | 170 (21) | ||
| Mild | 396 (49) | ||
| Moderate | 194 (24) | ||
| Severe | 52 (6) | ||
| Arteriolosclerosis | 1.12 (0.92-1.37) | .26 | |
| None | 243 (30) | ||
| Mild | 290 (36) | ||
| Moderate | 218 (27) | ||
| Severe | 60 (7) | ||
| Cerebral amyloid angiopathy | 0.84 (0.68-1.02) | .08 | |
| None | 164 (20) | ||
| Mild | 354 (44) | ||
| Moderate | 184 (23) | ||
| Severe | 107 (13) | ||
Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer disease; ELCE, early-life cognitive enrichment.
a
Owing to missing data, numbers of participants do not total 813.
b
Derived from logistic regression models controlled for age at death, sex, and educational level. In these analyses, ELCE was not associated with any of the examined pathological changes.