Table 4. Difference in Differences in Postpolicy vs Prepolicy HPV Initiation Between States With and Without Policies.
| Jurisdiction | aOR (95% CI)a | P value, girl vs boy significancea | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Girls | Boysb | ||||||||
| Overall | 13-15 y | 16-17 y | Overall | 13-15 y | 16-17 y | Overall | 13-15 y | 16-17 y | |
| Virginia | 1.61 (0.93-2.80) | 1.16 (0.60-2.24) | 3.23 (1.17-8.90) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Reference region | 1.87 (1.50-2.33) | 1.65 (1.24-2.19) | 2.29 (1.62-3.24) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Virginia vs reference region | 0.86 (0.48-1.56) | 0.70 (0.34-1.44) | 1.41 (0.48-4.11) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| District of Columbia | 2.13 (1.31-3.45) | 2.59 (1.37-4.89) | 1.67 (0.78-3.58) | 6.36 (4.27-9.46) | 5.87 (3.61-9.55) | 8.24 (4.00-16.96) | <.01 | .04 | <.01 |
| Reference region | 1.85 (1.47-2.31) | 1.63 (1.22-2.17) | 2.26 (1.59-3.22) | 3.27 (2.81-3.80) | 3.04 (2.51-3.68) | 3.72 (2.91-4.75) | <.01 | <.01 | .02 |
| District of Columbia vs reference region | 1.15 (0.67-1.96) | 1.59 (0.79-3.20) | 0.74 (0.32-1.71) | 1.94 (1.27-2.97) | 1.94 (1.15-3.26) | 2.22 (1.04-4.75) | .13 | .66 | .06 |
| Rhode Island | 3.12 (1.92-5.07) | 5.92 (3.13-11.18) | 1.28 (0.60-2.73) | 5.84 (3.92-8.69) | 5.23 (3.22-8.50) | 7.32 (3.56-15.06) | .05 | .76 | <.01 |
| Reference region | 1.55 (1.24-1.94) | 1.65 (1.23-2.21) | 1.44 (1.01-2.05) | 2.82 (2.43-3.28) | 2.77 (2.29-3.35) | 2.98 (2.33-3.80) | <.01 | <.01 | <.01 |
| Rhode Island vs reference region | 2.01 (1.18-3.43) | 3.59 (1.78-7.21) | 0.89 (0.38-2.05) | 2.07 (1.35-3.16) | 1.89 (1.12-3.18) | 2.46 (1.15-5.26) | .94 | .15 | .08 |
Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; NA, not applicable.
a
Adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, survey language, maternal educational level, health care professional facility type, presence of a medical visit in the past year, and physician vaccine recommendation.
b
Prepolicy vaccination initiation data not available for boys in Virginia.