Table 2.
Characteristics and resistance profiles of presumptive MDR-TB patients, MDR-TB surveillance programme, Madagascar, 2012–2017
| 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Total | 20 | 268 | 488 | 469 | 536 | 610 | 2391 |
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 12 (60.0) | 195 (73.3) | 326 (66.9) | 302 (65.4) | 359 (67.0) | 426 (70.0) | 1620 (68.1) |
| Female | 8 (40.0) | 71 (26.7) | 161 (33.1) | 160 (34.6) | 177 (33.0) | 183 (30.0) | 760 (31.9) |
| Median age (in years ± SD) | 45 ± 16.4 | 40 ± 13.2 | 40 ± 13.3 | 39 ± 14.4 | 40 ± 14.2 | 41 ± 14.7 | 40 ± 14.1 |
| Previous treatment history | |||||||
| Relapse | 4 (20.0) | 107 (39.9) | 257 (52.7) | 302 (64.4) | 376 (70.2) | 430 (70.5) | 1476 (61.7) |
| Failure | 8 (40.0) | 69 (25.8) | 82 (16.8) | 58 (12.4) | 43 (8.0) | 73 (12.0) | 333 (13.9) |
| Retreatment | 0 (0.0) | 21 (7.8) | 53 (10.9) | 54 (11.5) | 54 (10.1) | 61 (10.0) | 243 (10.2) |
| Unknown | 8 (40.0) | 71 (26.5) | 96 (19.7) | 55 (11.7) | 63 (11.8) | 46 (7.5) | 339 (14.2) |
| Clinical form | |||||||
| Pulmonary | 20 (100.0) | 249 (93.6) | 482 (98.8) | 452 (96.6) | 526 (98.1) | 580 (95.2) | 2309 (96.7) |
| Extrapulmonary | 0 (0.0) | 17 (6.4) | 6 (1.2) | 16 (3.4) | 10 (1.9) | 29 (4.8) | 78 (3.3) |
| MTBC identification | |||||||
| MTBC | 16 (84.2) | 229 (85.5) | 440 (90.2) | 367 (78.6) | 438 (81.7) | 478 (78.4) | 1968 (82.4) |
| Non-MTBC | 3 (15.8) | 39 (14.5) | 48 (9.8) | 100 (21.4) | 98 (18.3) | 132 (21.6) | 420 (17.6) |
| Drug resistance profiles | |||||||
| Pan-susceptible | 9 (56.3) | 199 (86.9) | 392 (89.1) | 331 (90.2) | 368 (84.0) | 427 (89.3) | 1726 (87.7) |
| Isoniazid monoresistance | 3 (18.8) | 11 (4.8) | 24 (5.5) | 14 (3.8) | 38 (8.7) | 23 (4.8) | 113 (5.7) |
| Rifampicin monoresistance | 0 (0.0) | 3 (1.3) | 6 (1.4) | 4 (1.1) | 7 (1.6) | 6 (1.3) | 26 (1.3) |
| MDR-TB | 3 (18.8) | 13 (5.7) | 17 (3.9) | 16 (4.4) | 19 (4.3) | 21 (4.4) | 89 (4.5) |
| Pre-XDR-TB | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.2) |
| XDR-TB | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Other1 | 1 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | 6 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) | 11 (0.5) |
Data missing for gender (n = 11), clinical form (n = 4) and MTBC identification (n = 3)
MTBC Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, MDR-TB multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, XDR-TB extensive drug-resistant tuberculosis, SD standard deviation
1Resistances to other drugs tested: aminoglycosides, ethambutol, ofloxacin, streptomycin