. 2020 Jun 29;18:207. doi: 10.1186/s12955-020-01458-1

Table 5.

Factors associated with good-QOL in domain of PCS in univariate and multivariate analyses

Factors	OR	95%CI	p-value	OR_Adj	95%CI	p-value
Sex
Male	1.00
Female	1.10	0.75–1.60	0.622
Age (year)
< 31	2.52	1.38–4.59	0.002^a	1.68	0.71–3.99	0.233
31–50	2.68	1.74–4.14	< 0.001^a	2.93	1.48–5.76	0.002^a
> 50	1.00			1.00
Education
Illiterate	1.00			1.00
Primary	1.11	0.64–1.92	0.701	1.56	0.66–3.67	0.304
Secondary	2.94	1.79–4.82	< 0.001^a	1.91	0.81–4.51	0.136
Tertiary	2.61	1.36–4.98	0.004^a	4.34	1.42–13.27	0.010^a
Occupation
Employed and retired	1.00
Unemployed	1.81	1.09–3.01	0.020^a
Annual household income (NRs^b)
No income	1.00
< 1,00,000	1.37	0.83–2.25	0.212
≥ 1,00,000	1.49	0.88–2.55	0.136
Marital status
Single	4.29	1.86–9.90	0.001^a
Married	3.50	1.86–6.59	< 0.001^a
Widow/Divorced	1.00
Ethnicity
Brahmin	1.00
Chhetri	1.03	0.54–1.97	0.912
Madheshi	0.35	0.18–0.69	0.002^a
Janjati	0.80	0.46–1.38	0.428
Dalit	0.44	0.19–1.00	0.052
Religion
Hindu	7.44	3.51–15.75	< 0.001^a
Buddhist	4.54	1.85–11.09	0.001^a
Christian	1.00
Place of residence
Village	1.00
City	1.45	0.98–2.15	0.059
Duration of illness (years)
< 1	4.01	2.67–6.02	< 0.001^a
≥ 1	1.00
Stages of CKD
Stage I-IV	39.80	15.80–100.21	< 0.001^a	21.24	2.97–151.77	0.002^a
Stage V	1.00			1.00
Taking hemodialysis
Yes	1.00			1.00
No	38.94	17.55–86.41	< 0.001^a	16.09	1.81–142.90	0.013^a
Duration of hemodialysis (months)
< 10	2.25	1.31–3.87	0.003^a
10–12	8.25	3.37–20.15	< 0.001^a
> 12	1.00
History of kidney transplantation
Yes	8.84	2.03–38.44	0.004^a
No	1.00
Taking to hospital
Family members	1.00			1.00
Themselves	5.20	2.86–9.44	< 0.001^a	7.98	3.65–17.40	< 0.001^a
Support for medical expenses
Family members	1.00
Themselves	1.02	0.59–1.75	0.938
Having health insurance
Yes	2.52	1.46–4.35	0.001^a	3.99	1.87–8.52	< 0.001^a
No	1.00			1.00
Frequency to see a doctor per month
Irregular	38.94	17.55–86.41	< 0.001^a
8–12	1.00
Distance of hospital (km)
< 10	1.00
10–30	3.08	1.43–6.64	0.004^a
> 30	1.99	1.11–3.56	0.021^a
Medical expenses per visit (NRs^b)
< 1001	1.00			1.00
1001-5000	1.24	0.80–1.90	0.329	0.44	0.22–0.87	0.019^a
> 5000	13.20	6.44–27.01	< 0.001^a	0.19	0.03–1.09	0.063
Facing problem for medical expenses
Yes	1.00			1.00
No	2.54	1.65–3.90	< 0.001^a	2.19	1.01–4.74	0.045^a
Hypertension
Yes	1.00
No	1.21	0.59–2.48	0.599
Diabetes mellitus
Yes	1.00
No	2.38	1.47–3.85	< 0.001^a
Heart disease
Yes	1.00
No	4.29	2.16–8.54	< 0.001^a

^a Significant level at α = 0.05; ^bNRs Nepali rupees