Table 5.
Distribution of kdr genotype-combinations with respect to locus S989, V1016 and F1534 in dead and alive mosquitoes (after 1 h exposure and 24 h recovery period) and their genetic association with insecticide resistance phenotype
| Insecticide | Dead/alive | Statistical tests | Genotypes with respect to S989, V1016 and F1534 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SSVVFF | SSVVFC | SSVVFL | SSVVCC | SSVVLL | SSVVLC | SPVGFF | SPVGFC | SPVGFL | PPGGFF | |||
| DDT 4% | Alive | 3 | 36 | 2 | 46 | 0 | 21 | 16 | 48 | 7 | 8 | |
| Dead | 2 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Fisher’s exact | – | ns | nd | P < 0.01 | nd | nd | nd | ns | nd | nd | ||
| OR (95% CI) | – | 3.00 (0.43–21.01) | nd | Infinity | nd | nd | nd | 10.67 (1.26–90.29) | nd | nd | ||
| PER 0.75% | Alive | 2 | 15 | 6 | 79 | 10 | 63 | 1 | 24 | 13 | 11 | |
| Dead | 4 | 27 | 3 | 16 | 3 | 15 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 3 | ||
| Fisher’s exact | – | ns | nd | P < 0.05 | nd | P < 0.05 | nd | P < 0.05 | nd | nd | ||
| OR (95% CI) | – | 1.11 (0.18–6.80) | nd | 9.87 (1.66–55.58) | nd | 8.40 (1.4–50.22) | nd | 12.00 (1.62–88.71) | nd | nd | ||
| DEL 0.05% | Alive | 10 | 38 | 19 | 52 | 4 | 48 | 11 | 21 | 5 | 5 | |
| Dead | 8 | 23 | 7 | 23 | 0 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Fisher’s exact test | – | ns | ns | ns | nd | P < 0.05 | ns | ns | nd | nd | ||
| OR (95% CI) | – | 1.32 (0.46.3.83) | 2.17 (0.60–7.74) | 1.81 (0.63–5.17) | nd | 3.84 (1.21–12.16) | 1.10 (0.30–4.04) | 2.10 (0.61–7.23) | nd | nd | ||
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; DDT, dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane; PER, permethrin; DEL, deltamethrin; ns, not significant; nd, not determined