Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of households included in the analysis, 2018
| Variables | Mean [32] | n (%) | Tobacco expenditure as % of household budget | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | SD | ||||
| Demographic variables | |||||
| Age of household head (years) | 49.9 (13.6) | 5.2 | 5.2 | 0 < 0.001 | |
| Sex of household head | 0 < 0.001 | ||||
| Male | 7254 (94.8) | 5.1 | 5.0 | ||
| Female | 394 (5.2) | 6.6 | 8.7 | ||
| Proportion of males in the household | 55.2 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 0.017 | |
| Socioeconomic variables | |||||
| Household size | 0.991 | ||||
| Less than 4 | 3643 (47.6) | 5.5 | 5.5 | ||
| 4 and above | 4006 (52.4) | 5.0 | 5.1 | ||
| Education status of household head | 0 < 0.001 | ||||
| Illiterate | 1585 (20.7) | 6.8 | 6.9 | ||
| Literate | 6064 (79.3) | 4.8 | 4.6 | ||
| Economic status of households | 0 < 0.001 | ||||
| Poorest | 1422 (18.6) | 7.6 | 7.5 | ||
| Poor | 1695 (22.2) | 5.8 | 5.2 | ||
| Middle | 1652 (21.6) | 5.1 | 4.7 | ||
| Rich | 1511 (19.7) | 4.0 | 3.8 | ||
| Richest | 1369 (17.9) | 3.6 | 3.3 | ||
| Ecological variables | |||||
| Geographical area | 0 < 0.001 | ||||
| Urban | 3592 (47.0) | 4.6 | 4.9 | ||
| Rural | 4057 (53.0) | 5.8 | 5.5 | ||
| Province category based on HDI* | 0 < 0.001 | ||||
| Low** | 2773 (36.2) | 6.2 | 6.1 | ||
| Middle*** | 2553 (33.4) | 5.1 | 4.7 | ||
| High**** | 2323 (30.4) | 4.2 | 4.6 | ||
Note: HDI* is the human development index; Low**: Sistan and Baluchestan, Kurdistan, North Khorasan, South Khorasan, West Azerbaijan, Ardebil, Hormozgan, Zanjan, Hamadan, Golestan, Kerman provinces; Middle***: Razavi Khorasan, Lorestan, East Azerbaijan, Markazi, Kohgiluyeh Buyer Ahmad, Kermanshah, Chahar Mahall and Bakhtiari, Qazvin, Khuzestan, Gilan provinces; High****: Fars, Bushehr, Ilam, Qom, Semnan, Yazd, Mazandaran, Esfahan, Tehran, Alborz provinces