Table 1. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and complications of 56 patients with infective endocarditis.
Minor embolic phenomena: Roth spot, Osler node; immunologic phenomena = glomerulonephritis; §Musculoskeletal manifestations = arthralgias, arthritis, and diffuse myalgia; TTE = transthoracic echocardiography; # T0 = within the first week from hospital admission; complications = major embolic phenomena and patients with clinical heart failure and echocardiogram manifestations other than vegetation; *heart complications = patients with clinical heart failure and echocardiogram manifestations other than vegetation
| Variables | Value or percentage |
| Age years (mean ±SD) | 62.8±14.9 |
| Male | 75% (42/56) |
| Native valve | 73.2% (41/56) |
| Prosthetic Valve | 19.6% (11/56) |
| Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) | 7.1% (4/56) |
| A history of endocarditis | 10.7% (6/56) |
| HIV | 12.5% (7/56) |
| Cancer | 7.1% (4/56) |
| Hemodialysis | 8.9% (5/56) |
| Hospital mortality rate | 37.5% (21/56) |
| Minor Criteria | |
| Fever (>38° C) | 87.5% (49/56) |
| Immunologic phenomena and minor embolic phenomena | 25.0% (14/56) |
| Musculoskeletal manifestations§ | 17.9% (10/56) |
| Intravenous drug users | 10.7% (6/56) |
| Congenital heart defects | 1.8% (1/56) |
| Predisposing heart condition or intravenous drug use | 1.8% (1/56) |
| Major diagnostic criteria | |
| TTE positive for IE at T0 | 87.5% (49/56) |
| TEE positive for IE | 58.9% (33/56) |
| Blood culture or serological evidence of active infection | 83.9% (47/56) |
| Complications # | 60.7% (34/56) |
| Heart complications * | 46.4% (26/56) |
| Arrhythmia and conduction disorders | 73.1% (19/26) |
| Clinical heart failure | 38.5% (10/26) |
| Abscess | 11.5% (3/26) |
| Prosthetic valve dehiscence | 11.5% (3/26) |
| Valve perforation | 7.7 % (2/26) |
| Myocarditis / Pericarditis | 3.8% (1/26) |
| Valve aneurysm | 3.8% (1/26) |
| Cerebral embolism | 21.4% (12/56) |
| Septic pulmonary emboli | 12.5% (7/56) |
| Major arterial embolism | 12.5% (7/56) |
| Splenic infarction | 10.7% (6/56) |
| Surgery | 28.6% (16/56) |
| Indication for surgery | 46.4% (26/56) |
| Persistent infection | 26.9% (7/26) |
| Heart failure | 38.5% (10/26) |
| Abscess | 11.5% (3/26) |
| Prosthetic valve dehiscence | 11.5% (3/26) |
| Valve perforation | 7.7% (2/26) |
| Valve aneurysm | 3.8% (1/26) |