Table 1.
Anthropometric changes following nutrition and exercise programs.
| Variable | Exe + nutr (n = 41) | Nutrition (n = 21) | Exercise (n = 7) | Control (n = 27) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before | After | T(p) | Percentage change | Before | After | T(p) | Percentage change | Before | After | T(p) | Percentage change | Before | After | T(p) | Percentage change | |
| Age (years) | 53.3 (6.8) | – | – | – | 55.6 (5.5) | – | – | – | 54.2 (6.3) | – | – | 53.2 (7.2) | – | – | – | |
| Body weight (kg) | 81.3 (11.4) | 77.8 (11.8) | 9.1* | −4.3 | 83.2 (11.5) | 79.2 (10.9) | 7.2* | −4.8 | 87.9 (17.7) | 87.2 (17) | 1.1 | −0.8 | 83.5 (14.5) | 83.4 (14.1) | 0.08 | −0.1 |
| BMI (kg/m 2 ) | 30.8 (4.1) | 29.5 (4.1) | 9.4* | −4.2 | 31.9 (4.5) | 30.3 (4.2) | 7.1* | −5.0 | 33.9 (6.7) | 33.6 (6.5) | 1.1 | −0.9 | 30.5 (4.8) | 30.4 (4.6) | 0.18 | −0.3 |
| Body fat (%) | 42.1 (6.1) | 39.2 (5.9) | 4.8* | −6.9 | 43.2 (4.0) | 41.6 (4.4) | 3.1* | −3.7 | 46.1 (5.4) | 45.4 (6.2) | 1.2 | −1.5 | 40.2 (5.8) | 40.2 (5.6) | 0.09 | 0 |
| WC a (cm) | 101.7 (9.5) | 96.1 (10.1) | 7.6* | −5.5 | 102.5 (9.8) | 100.3 (9.0) | 1.9 | −0.5 | 108.7 (14.8) | 106 (12.7) | 2.3* | −2.5 | 102.2 (12.6) | 101.5 (11.9) | 0.67 | −0.68 |
| HC (cm) | 114.1 (7.8) | 108.2 (8.5) | 10.9* | −5.2 | 116.4 (9.6) | 113.6 (12.2) | 2.1* | −2.4 | 116.7 (12.7) | 115.8 (12.2) | 0.5 | −0.8 | 111.4 (8.2) | 111.1 (7.5) | 0.53 | 0.26 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 34.5 (8.4) | 30.9 (8.4) | 6.8* | −10.4 | 36.2 (7.7) | 33.2 (7.6) | 5.4* | −8.3 | 41.3 (12.6) | 40.4 (12.7) | 1.2 | −2.2 | 33.9 (9.3) | 33.9 (9.3) | 0.1 | 0 |
| LBM (kg) | 46.8 (5.8) | 46.9 (5.2) | 0.2 | 0.2 | 46.9 (4.8) | 45.9 (4.5) | 2.7* | −2.3 | 46.7 (6) | 46.7 (5.2) | 0.13 | 0 | 49.5 (7.3) | 49.5 (7.0) | 0.03 | 0 |
| WHR | 0.89 (0.05) | 0.88 (0.05) | 0.8 | −1.1 | 0.88 (0.07) | 0.89 (0.05) | −0.2 | 1.1 | 0.93 (0.07) | 0.88 (0.05) | 3.8* | −5.3 | 0.92 (0.08) | 0.91 (0.07) | 0.48 | −1.1 |
exe + nutr: exercise + nutrition program; kg: kilograms; BMI: body mass index; kg/m2: kilograms/square meter; WC: waist circumference; cm: centimeters; HC: hip circumference; LBM: lean body mass; WHR: waist–hip ratio.
Variables were tested with t-test for dependent samples.
*
p < 0.05.