Table 4.
Echocardiographic outcomes of newborns with cardiac murmur (N = 1928)a
| Echocardiographic outcomes | n (%) | References | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shunt lesions | Ventricular septal defect | 282 (14.6) | [24, 26, 28–34] |
| Atrial septal defect (≥ 4 mm) | 55 (2.8) | [24, 28–33] | |
| Ventricular septal defect + Atrial septal defect | 15 (0.8) | [29, 31, 33] | |
| Atrioventricular septal defect | 4 (0.2) | [24, 26, 32, 34] | |
| Significant patent ductus arteriosus | 50 (2.6) | [24, 30, 34] | |
| Right side heart lesions | Pulmonary valve anomaly (dysplasia, stenosis) | 37 (1.9) | [24, 26, 28–34] |
| Tetralogy of Fallot | 15 (0.8) | [26, 28–30, 32–34] | |
| Ebstein anomaly | 2 (0.1) | [29, 34] | |
| Left side heart lesions | Cor triatriatum | 1 (0.1) | [29] |
| Mitral valve regurgitation | 4 (0.2) | [29, 32] | |
| Aortic valve anomaly (bicuspid valve, stenosis) | 18 (0.9) | [24, 28–30, 33, 34, 36] | |
| Hypoplastic left heart syndrome | 3 (0.2) | [29, 33] | |
| Coarctation of the aorta | 9 (0.5) | [28–30, 32, 34] | |
| Connection lesions | Transposition of great arteries | 6 (0.3) | [24, 29, 31] |
| Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return | 4 (0.2) | [26, 30, 34] | |
| Anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta | 1 (0.1) | [29] | |
| Others | Coronary artery fistula | 1 (0.1) | [35] |
| Ventricular hypertrophy | 5 (0.3) | [31] | |
| Normal or physiologic variant | 1211 (62.8) | [24–26, 28–34] | |
| Not described | 343 (17.8) | [24, 25, 32, 34] | |
aThe number of diagnoses exceeds the number of patients with congenital heart disease because some patients had multiple diagnoses