Table 1:
Baseline Characteristics** of Patients Undergoing Operative and Non-Operative Treatment for Rotator Cuff Tears Before and After Propensity Score Weighting: The ROW Cohort
| BEFORE WEIGHTING | AFTER WEIGHTING | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SURGERY (n=50) | NON-OPERATIVE (n=77) | SMD | SURGERY (n=50) | NON-OPERATIVE (n=77) | SMD | |
| DEMOGRAPHICS | ||||||
| SEX | 0.257 | 0.017 | ||||
| Female | 38.0% | 50.6% | 45.6% | 44.7% | ||
| Male | 62.0% | 49.4% | 54.4% | 55.3% | ||
| AGE (YEARS)* | 59.3±8.9 | 63.8±8.3 | 0.534 | 61.5±8.3 | 61.1±8.5 | 0.038 |
| HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION | 0.019 | 0.101 | ||||
| Less than college | 33.3% | 34.2% | 31.6% | 36.4% | ||
| College or above | 66.7% | 65.8% | 68.4% | 63.6% | ||
| MARITAL STATUS | 0.139 | 0.032 | ||||
| Single/Divorced/Widowed | 22.0% | 28.0% | 27.5% | 26.1% | ||
| Married | 78.0% | 72.0% | 72.5% | 73.9% | ||
| SHOULDER SYMPTOMS AND STRENGTH | ||||||
| SYMPTOM DURATION (MONTHS)* | 22.6±40.6 | 23.9±54.3 | 0.048 | 25.3±46.3 | 27.2±57.7 | 0.035 |
| DOMINANT SHOULDER AFFECTED | 0.041 | 0.023 | ||||
| No | 22.9% | 24.7% | 29.0% | 30.1% | ||
| Yes | 77.1% | 75.3% | 71.0% | 69.9% | ||
| DAILY SHOULDER USE AT WORK | 0.154 | 0.008 | ||||
| Light/No manual labor | 75.5% | 81.8% | 79.9% | 79.6% | ||
| Heavy/Moderate manual labor | 24.5% | 18.2% | 20.1% | 20.4% | ||
| TRAUMATIC TEAR | 0.266 | 0.055 | ||||
| No | 46.0% | 59.2% | 47.9% | 45.2% | ||
| Yes | 54.0% | 40.8% | 52.1% | 54.8% | ||
| SPADI SCORE AT BASELINE* | 55.0±20.5 | 44.2±23.1 | 0.493 | 49.1±20.7 | 49.6±21.6 | 0.025 |
| EXTERNAL ROTATION STRENGTH RATIO*¶ | 0.5±0.3 | 0.8±0.5 | 0.768 | 0.7±0.3 | 0.7±0.3 | 0.105 |
| ISOLATED ABDUCTION STRENGTH RATIO*¶ | 0.9±0.2 | 0.9±0.2 | 0.110 | 0.9±0.2 | 0.9±0.2 | 0.041 |
| COMORBIDITIES AND SOCIAL HISTORY | ||||||
| NUMBER OF COMORBIDITIES | 0.280 | 0.048 | ||||
| ≤1 | 58.0% | 44.2% | 48.9% | 51.3% | ||
| >1 | 42.0% | 55.8% | 51.1% | 48.7% | ||
| SMOKING STATUS | 0.026 | 0.002 | ||||
| Never | 50.0% | 48.7% | 47.2% | 47.3% | ||
| Past/Current | 50.0% | 51.3% | 52.8% | 52.7% | ||
| ALCOHOL USE | 0.389 | 0.015 | ||||
| 2–3 times per month or less | 37.5% | 56.6% | 50.8% | 51.6% | ||
| 1–2 times per week or more | 62.5% | 43.4% | 49.2% | 48.4% | ||
| FEAR AVOIDANCE AND BEHAVIOR (FABQ) PHYSICAL ACTIVITY SCORE | 19.0±4.3 | 16.4±6.1 | 0.495 | 17.9±4.8 | 17.6±4.8 | 0.050 |
| MENTAL HEALTH INVENTORY (MHI-5) SCORE | 80.5±16.9 | 80.3±14.9 | 0.013 | 82.1±14.8 | 81.6±16.0 | 0.035 |
| PATIENT EXPECTATIONS AFTER TREATMENT | 0.762 | 0.067 | ||||
| A great improvement | 94.0% | 65.3% | 87.4% | 85.2% | ||
| Moderate/Little/No improvement or worse | 6.0% | 34.7% | 12.6% | 14.8% | ||
| BICEPS TENDONITIS/TENOSYNOVITIS | 0.003 | 0.060 | ||||
| No | 70.0% | 70.1% | 72.1% | 74.7% | ||
| Yes | 30.0% | 29.9% | 27.9% | 25.3% | ||
| TEAR CHARACTERISTICS ON MRI∞ | ||||||
| CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF TEAR*# | 14.5±19.3 | 7.9±15.3 | 0.376 | 16.3±22.5 | 17.2±21.7 | 0.039 |
| THICKNESS OF TEAR∏ | 0.841 | 0.005 | ||||
| Partial-thickness | 10.4% | 45.2% | 15.2% | 15.4% | ||
| Full-thickness | 89.6% | 54.8% | 84.8% | 84.6% | ||
| PRESENCE OF FATTY INFILTRATION± | 0.362 | 0.147 | ||||
| No | 54.8% | 71.9% | 51.6% | 58.9% | ||
| Yes | 45.2% | 28.1% | 48.4% | 41.1% | ||
| NUMBER OF TORN TENDONS | 0.224 | 0.083 | ||||
| 1 | 60.4% | 71.0% | 53.0% | 57.1% | s | |
| 2 or 3 | 39.6% | 29% | 47.0% | 42.9% | ||
| TENDON RETRACTION | 0.414 | 0.032 | ||||
| Stage I or not applicable¶ | 60.4% | 79.0% | 60.5% | 58.9% | ||
| Stage II or more | 39.6% | 21.0% | 39.5% | 41.1% | ||
SMD=Standardized Mean Difference
n for missing before imputation: Daily shoulder use at work=1; Alcohol use=3; Education level=3; Smoking status=3; Traumatic tear=6; Patient expectations=2; Duration of symptoms=5; Dominant shoulder affected=6; Marital status=2; External rotation strength ratio=8; Isolated abduction strength ratio=10; MHI-5=2; FABQ=5; SPADI score at baseline=7; cross-sectional are of tear=27
X ± Standard Deviation for continuous variables
After multiple imputation for missing values
Strength ratio is measured as affected shoulder versus unaffected shoulder
MRI information available for 110 patients; fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy were determined from CT scan in 2 patients a CT scan who were included in the analysis but not in the table above
Tear size determined by sum of supraspinatus and infraspinatus tears in longitudinal or transverse planes for full-thickness tears only
If any of the tendons had a full-thickness tear, the tear was classified as full-thickness
Fatty infiltration reported for muscle most severely affected
Since tear was partial-thickness