Table 4.
Viral Load Compared by HLA Allele Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Women Naive to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapya
| Allele | Prev- alent | Women, No. (%) | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIV Load Mean (95 CI)b | P Valuec | HIV Load Mean (95 CI)b | P Valuec | HIV Load, Mean (95 CI)b | P Valuec | HIV Load, Mean (95 CI)b | P Valuec | |||
| HLA class I | ||||||||||
| B*18:01 | Yes | 42 (7.2) | 9453 (4431–20 169) | .03 | 6867 (3465–13 608) | .39 | 6648 (3491–12 659) | .32 | 6109 (3243–11 506) | .62 |
| No | 544 (92.8) | 4353 (2966–6388) | 5152 (3635–7300) | 4877 (3436–6921) | 5250 (3757–7336) | |||||
| B*57:03 | Yes | 43 (7.3) | 681 (328–1414) | <.001 | 1396 (721–2702) | <.001 | 1422 (735–2750) | <.001 | 1779 (936–3380) | <.0001 |
| No | 543 (92.7) | 5559 (3832–8063) | 5930 (4200–8372) | 5604 (3968–7916) | 5832 (4189–8119) | |||||
| C*12:03 | Yes | 32 (5.5) | 4063 (1745–9459) | .74 | 5387 (2637–11 005) | .96 | 3199 (1570–6518) | .17 | 4056 (2058–7994) | .39 |
| No | 554 (94.5) | 4673 (3185–6855) | 5295 (3739–7498) | 5155 (3641–7298) | 5410 (3876–7551) | |||||
| C*18:01 | Yes | 34 (5.8) | 2210 (927–5268) | .05 | 3950 (1957–7973) | .34 | 3503 (1675–7327) | .28 | 4339 (2205–8539) | .50 |
| No | 552 (94.2) | 4947 (3405–7186) | 5434 (3853–7664) | 5167 (3654–7307) | 5416 (3884–7552) | |||||
| HLA class II | ||||||||||
| DQA1*01:00 | Yes | 330 (56.3) | 4788 (3187–7193) | .67 | 5839 (4058–8402) | .12 | 5515 (3838–7924) | .11 | 5959 (4205–8444) | .054 |
| No | 256 (43.7) | 4415 (2866–6802) | 4541 (3072–6712) | 4277 (2880–6351) | 4416 (3030–6436) | |||||
| DQB1*03:01 | Yes | 200 (34.1) | 5176 (3319–8071) | .43 | 5100 (3367–7726) | .75 | 5266 (3465–8003) | .70 | 5219 (3480–7826) | .86 |
| No | 386 (65.9) | 4431 (2965–6622) | 5386 (3768–7701) | 4927 (3450–7036) | 5372 (3820–7554) | |||||
| DQB1*03:02 | Yes | 88 (15) | 3750 (2118–6642) | .35 | 3470 (2091–5759) | .03 | 3414 (2112–5519) | .04 | 3388 (2129–5389) | .01 |
| No | 498 (85) | 4819 (3275–7090) | 5710 (4017–8116) | 5388 (3780–7678) | 5792 (4122–8138) | |||||
| DQB1*06:02 | Yes | 168 (28.7) | 4490 (2829–7128) | .82 | 5773 (3787–8803) | .51 | 5613 (3689–8542) | .36 | 6159 (4110–9230) | .23 |
| No | 418 (71.3) | 4708 (3162–7009) | 5112 (3570–7320) | 4777 (3335–6843) | 5003 (3546–7059) | |||||
| DQB1*06:03 | Yes | 47 (8) | 4888 (2301–10 383) | .88 | 6402 (3262–12 565) | .54 | 7140 (3605–14 142) | .26 | 7650 (3979–14 706) | .22 |
| No | 539 (92) | 4623 (3153–6778) | 5237 (3703–7406) | 4911 (3465–6959) | 5208 (3731–7271) | |||||
| DRB1*13:01 | Yes | 71 (12.1) | 3930 (2152–7175) | .51 | 5314 (3144–8981) | .99 | 5956 (3490–10 164) | .44 | 6425 (3869–10 668) | .37 |
| No | 515 (87.9) | 4723 (3218–6931) | 5298 (3743–7500) | 4933 (3478–6997) | 5227 (3741–7304) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.
aThe analysis included clinical data at all visits with T-cell activation data. Model 1 controlled for age, race, antiretroviral therapy (ART), hepatitis C virus (HCV) status, and laboratory data source; model 2, for age, race, ART, HCV status, laboratory data source, and CD4 T-cell activation; model 3, for age, race, ART, HCV status, laboratory data source and CD8 T-cell activation; and model 4, for age, race, ART, HCV status, laboratory data source, and CD4 and CD8 T-cell activation.
bAdjusted means estimated using generalized estimating equation models. The HIV load was log-transformed for analysis, and resulting mean estimates and 95% CIs were back-transformed.
c P values for comparison between group in which the allele was prevalent and group in which it was not.