Table 1.
Demographic features of the patients
| Patient no., age, sex, handedness | Language-dominant side | Surgery side | Etiology | Pathology | Recording electrodes, n | Stimulus sites, n | Stimulus intensity (mA) | Coverage of stimulus sites (frontal) | Coverage of stimulus sites (temporal) | Coverage of stimulus sites (parietal) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1, 40, F, R | L | L | Tumor | Diffuse astrocytoma | 30 | 20 | 15 | IFG, PreCG | STG, MTG, ITG | SMG, PostCG |
| 2, 74, F, R | —a | L | Tumor | Glioblastoma | 30 | 12 | 15 | IFG, PreCG | STG, MTG, ITG | — |
| 3, 35, F, R | L | L | Tumor | Glioblastoma | 32 | 15 | 15 | IFG, PreCG, MFG | MTG, ITG | — |
| 4, 79, M, R | Lb | L | Tumor | Glioblastoma | 32 | 17 | 15 | IFG, PreCG | STG, MTG, ITG | SMG, AG |
| 5, 64, M, R | Lb | L | Tumor | Glioblastoma | 64 | 15 | 15 | IFG, PreCG | STG, MTG, ITG | SMG, AG, TPJ |
| 6, 21, M, R | L | L | Epilepsy | FCD type Ia | 30 | 22 | 15 | IFG, PreCG | STG, MTG, ITG | — |
| 7, 32, F, R | L | L | Tumor | Anaplastic astrocytoma | 32 | 8 | 15 | IFG, PreCG | STG, MTG | — |
| 8, 25, M, R | L | L | Tumor | Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor | 31 | 11 | 15 | IFG, MFG | STG, MTG | SMG |
| 9, 31, F, R | L | L | Tumor | Diffuse astrocytoma | 32 | 15 | 15 | IFG, PreCG, OFC | STG, MTG | SMG, AG, TPJ |
| 10, 43, M, R | L | L | Tumor | Anaplastic oligoastrocytoma | 27 | 11 | 15 | IFG, PreCG, MFG, FP | STG, MTG | — |
| 11, 62, M, R | L | L | Tumor | Anaplastic oligoastrocytoma | 30 | 8 | 15 | IFG, PreCG, MFG | MTG | — |
| 12, 45, F, R | L | L | Tumor | Anaplastic astrocytoma | 50 | 22 | 15 | IFG, PreCG | STG, MTG, ITG | AG |
| 13, 50, F, R | L | L | Epilepsy | Hippocampal sclerosis | 32 | 5 | 15 | IFG, PreCG | — | — |
| 14, 42, M, R | L | L | Tumor | Glioblastoma | 44 | 7 | 15 | IFG, PreCG | — | AG |
Note: In the column “language-dominant side,” the “a” indicates the case in which the WADA test and language fMRI was omitted because the patient had definite motor aphasia caused by the lesion. The “b” indicates the cases in which the WADA test was omitted because the clinical situation was urgent. In both cases, fMRI showed left dominance of language. PreCG, precentral gyrus; PostCG, postcentral gyrus; STG, superior temporal gyrus; ITG, inferior temporal gyrus; and TPJ, temporoparietal junction.