Table 1.
Examples of cross-kingdom miRNA transfer related to plant parasitic and mutualistic relations.
| Donor | Receiver | Relation | miRNA | Target | Function | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G. hirsutum | V. dahlia | Parasitic | miR159 miR166 |
HiC-15 Clp-1 |
Fungal virulence | Zhang et al., 2016 |
| P. striiformis | T. aestivum | Parasitic | pst-milR1 | SM638 | Innate immunity | Wang et al., 2017a |
| A. thaliana | P. xylostella | Parasitic | miR159c novel-7703-5p |
BJHSP1 PPO2 |
Pupae development | Zhang et al., 2019a |
| B. campestris | A. mellifera | Mutualistic | miR162a | TOR | Caste development | Zhu et al., 2017 |