Table 1.
Baseline demographic, lifestyle/behavioral, health and depression characteristics of the sample by race/ethnic groups*
| Baseline Characteristics | Total cohorta (n=25503) | Race/ethnicity | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-Hispanic White (n=17828) | Black (n=5004) | Hispanic (n=1001) | Asianb (n=377) | Other/Multi/Unspecifiedc (n=1293) | ||
| Demographic | ||||||
| Mean age (SD), in years | 67.1 (7.1) | 68.1 (6.8) | 63.3 (6.8) | 67.3 (6.6) | 67.6 (6.7) | 68.3 (7.3) |
| Sex, % | 25503 / 100.0 | |||||
| Male | 49.5 | 51.9 | 38.1 | 63.9 | 58.6 | 45.9 |
| Female | 50.5 | 48.1 | 61.9 | 36.1 | 41.4 | 54.1 |
| Education, (%) | 25450 / 99.8 | |||||
| Did not complete high school | 1.4 | 0.5 | 3.5 | 4.9 | 0.3 | 3.3 |
| High school diploma or GED | 11.4 | 7.7 | 21.2 | 19.5 | 4.8 | 19.4 |
| Attended or graduated from college | 42.0 | 40.7 | 48.1 | 38.0 | 39.8 | 40.9 |
| Post-college | 45.3 | 51.2 | 27.2 | 37.7 | 55.2 | 36.5 |
| Income, % | 22993 / 90.2 | |||||
| < $15,000 | 6.3 | 3.1 | 16.2 | 8.5 | 4.5 | 10.3 |
| $15,000 - 29,999 | 12.5 | 9.4 | 21.6 | 18.1 | 8.3 | 16.5 |
| $30,000 - 49,999 | 17.7 | 16.8 | 20.7 | 18.1 | 15.1 | 19.2 |
| $50,000 - 69,999 | 16.4 | 16.7 | 16.1 | 14.8 | 14.8 | 15.0 |
| $70,000 - 89,999 | 12.7 | 13.9 | 9.0 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.0 |
| $90,000 - 120,000 | 16.3 | 18.3 | 9.7 | 14.4 | 22.6 | 13.8 |
| Over $120,000 | 18.2 | 21.8 | 6.8 | 14.1 | 22.9 | 14.2 |
| Lifestyle/behavioral factors | ||||||
| Mean BMI (SD), kg/m2 | 28.1 (5.7) | 27.4 (5.2) | 30.6 (6.7) | 28.7 (5.6) | 24.8 (4.2) | 28.5 (5.8) |
| Leisure-time physical activity and stair climbing, total METhours/week, median (interquartile range)d | 15.5 (27.1) | 17.4 (27.2) | 9.2 (23.0) | 14.5 (28.8) | 16.9 (28.5) | 13.2 (26.4) |
| Cigarette smoking, % | 25276 / 99.1 | |||||
| Never | 51.7 | 51.8 | 50.8 | 52.8 | 65.2 | 49.8 |
| Past | 41.1 | 43.0 | 34.9 | 40.6 | 31.5 | 41.3 |
| Current | 7.2 | 5.2 | 14.3 | 6.6 | 3.2 | 8.8 |
| Alcohol use, % | 25093 / 98.4 | |||||
| Never | 31.4 | 26.7 | 46.0 | 31.1 | 43.3 | 37.4 |
| Rarely-<weekly | 7.5 | 6.8 | 9.3 | 8.9 | 8.3 | 8.7 |
| 1-6 /week | 35.0 | 35.8 | 32.5 | 38.5 | 35.3 | 31.3 |
| Daily | 26.1 | 30.7 | 12.3 | 21.6 | 13.2 | 22.6 |
| Comorbidity factors | ||||||
| Hypertensione, (%) | 25336 / 99.5 | |||||
| Yes | 51.8 | 47.5 | 67.7 | 51.2 | 49.9 | 51.4 |
| No | 48.2 | 52.5 | 32.3 | 48.8 | 50.1 | 48.6 |
| Diabetesf, (%) | 25462 / 99.8 | |||||
| Yes | 13.7 | 10.4 | 23.9 | 20.0 | 21.0 | 13.6 |
| No | 86.3 | 89.6 | 76.2 | 80.0 | 79.1 | 86.4 |
| High Cholesterol, % | 25219 / 98.9 | |||||
| Yes | 37.5 | 39.1 | 32.0 | 37.1 | 42.9 | 35.7 |
| No | 62.5 | 60.9 | 68.0 | 62.9 | 57.1 | 64.3 |
| Depression Characteristics | ||||||
| Median PHQ-8 score (IQR) | 1.0 (2.0) | 1.0 (2.0) | 1.0 (3.0) | 1.0 (3.0) | 0.0 (2.0) | 1.0 (3.0) |
| PHQ-8 severity, % | 25503 / 100.0 | |||||
| None (0 points) | 46.6 | 47.5 | 43.6 | 48.3 | 54.1 | 42.9 |
| Minimal (1-4 points) | 41.8 | 42.9 | 39.0 | 37.1 | 36.9 | 43.4 |
| Mild (5-9 points) | 8.6 | 7.6 | 11.7 | 9.6 | 6.9 | 9.5 |
| Moderate (10-14 points) | 2.0 | 1.4 | 3.7 | 2.9 | 1.6 | 3.2 |
| Moderate-severe (15-19 points) | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 0.3 | 0.6 |
| Severe (20+ points) | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 |
| SSRI use, % | 25140 / 98.6 | |||||
| Yes | 6.4 | 7.2 | 3.8 | 5.0 | 2.2 | 6.8 |
| No | 93.6 | 92.8 | 96.2 | 95.0 | 97.8 | 93.2 |
| Ever diagnosed with/ took medication for/ counseled for depression, % | 23425 / 91.9 | |||||
| Yes | 20.7 | 21.4 | 19.1 | 17.5 | 8.6 | 23.3 |
| No | 79.3 | 78.6 | 81.0 | 82.5 | 91.4 | 76.7 |
| →If ever diagnosed: took medication or received counseling in the past 2 yrs, % | 4784 / 98.7 | |||||
| Yes | 54.9 | 54.8 | 51.1 | 62.3 | 58.6 | 62.9 |
| No | 45.1 | 45.2 | 48.9 | 37.7 | 41.4 | 37.1 |
| Felt sad/depressed for 2+ weeks in the last 2 yrs, % | 25389 / 99.6 | |||||
| Yes | 12.3 | 10.8 | 16.7 | 14.3 | 10.6 | 15.6 |
| No | 87.7 | 89.2 | 83.3 | 85.7 | 89.4 | 84.4 |
Abbreviations: GED – General Education Diploma; BMI – Body Mass Index; PHQ-8 – Patient Health Questionnnaire-8; SSRI – Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; SD – Standard Deviation; IQR – Inter-Quartile Range
Figures for percentages may not add to 100.0 due to rounding.
For categorical variables, this column contains number of participants in the category / % of non-missing responses. For continuous variables, this column contains the mean (standard deviation (SD)) or the median (interquartile range);for categorical variables, the frequency percentages for non-missing responses are presented. The prevalence of missing responses for all variables ranged from 0 to <5%, except for the following: income (~10% missing), ever diagnosed with / took medication for / counseled for depression (~8% missing).
Asian group also includes Pacific Islanders.
Other race/ethnicity includes Native American/American Indians, Native Hawaiians, and other or multiple or unspecified race/ethnicity.
Leisure-time physical activities: walking or hiking; jogging; running; bicycling; aerobic exercise/aerobic dance/exercise machines; lower intensity exercise/yoga/stretching/toning; tennis/squash/ racquetball; lap swimming; weight lifting/strength training; other exercise
Hypertension: Ever diagnosed with high blood pressure or ever use of anti-hypertensive medication
Diabetes: Ever diagnosed with diabetes or current use of anti-diabetic medication