Table 2.

Differences in depression severity, by race/ethnicity

Regression Models (n=25,503)^a	Race/ethnicity
	Non-Hispanic White^b (n=17828)	Black (n=5004)		Hispanic (n=1001)		Asian^c (n=377)		Others^d (n=1293)
	RR (95% CI)	RR (95% CI)	P Value	RR (95% CI)	P Value	RR (95% CI)	P Value	RR (95% CI)	P Value
Model 1^e	1.00 (Ref)	1.64 (1.54 - 1.73)	<0.001	1.51 (1.34 - 1.71)	<0.001	1.12 (0.90 - 1.38)	0.32	1.32 (1.19 - 1.47)	<0.001
Model 2^f	1.00 (Ref)	1.23 (1.16 - 1.30)	<0.001	1.28 (1.14 - 1.43)	<0.001	1.10 (0.90 - 1.33)	0.36	1.15 (1.04 - 1.26)	0.005
Model 3^g,i	1.00 (Ref)	1.13 (1.07 - 1.20)	<0.001	1.24 (1.11 - 1.39)	<0.001	1.16 (0.95 - 1.40)	0.14	1.12 (1.02 - 1.23)	0.02
Model 4^h,i	1.00 (Ref)	1.10 (1.04 - 1.17)	<0.001	1.23 (1.10 - 1.38)	<0.001	1.10 (0.91 - 1.33)	0.34	1.14 (1.04 - 1.25)	0.007

Abbreviations: RR – Rate Ratio; CI – Confidence Interval; PHQ-8 – Patient Health Questionnaire-8

Results from the negative binomial (NB) portion of zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression show Rate Ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), which reflect percent differences in total depression severity on the PHQ-8 among minority racial groups. See eTables 2a and 2b in the supplement for extended results of output from ZI and NB portions.

Non-Hispanic White participants are the reference group.

Pacific Islanders were included in Asians

Other race/ethnicity includes Native Americans/American Indians, Native Hawaiian, other, multiple, unknown and unspecified race/ethnicity.

Model 1 was analyzed as a univariate model,

Model 2 was adjusted for demographic factors.

Model 3 adjusted for demographic and lifestyle/behavioral factors,

Model 4 adjusted for demographic, lifestyle/behavioral and comorbidity factors.

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To avoid undefined physical activity estimates in missing indicator, we imputed median value for the participants who were missing information on physical activity.