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. 2020 Jun 5;11:1010. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01010

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Copyright © 2020 Martins, dos Santos, Santos, da Silva, Borges, da Costa, Tavares, Teixeira, Brígido, Teixeira, Rodrigues, Silva, de Oliveira, de Faria, Lemes, Zanon, Tomiosso, Machado, da Silva, Oliveira and da Silva.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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rP21 as a soluble factor acts as an inducer of T. cruzi dormancy. (A) Amastigotes from cardiac nests qualitatively produced more native P21 when mice received treatment with the recombinant protein. (B) P21 quantification shows a higher presence of this protein in amastigote nests of mice treated with the recombinant protein in contrast to the lower amount of (C) T. cruzi found in these nests. (D) P21 was highly expressed and produced (E) when infected cells were exposed to IFN -γ induced stress. Epimastigotes subjected to nutritional starvation (F) expressed and (G) produced more native P21. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation of experiments performed in triplicate. Significant differences were determined using unpaired t-test and Student's t-test (two-sided) (c, e, f) and Mann-Whitney test (b, d, g). Differences were considered significant when p < 0.05.