Figure 1.

Methodological approach. DMD-hiPSC lines from two Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients were generated and analyzed compared to WT-hiPSC lines. DMD-hESC line was generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology by targetted deletion of the DMD gene from a healthy WT hESC line serving as isogenic control. All hPSC lines were differentiated using 3D cell aggregates (embryonic bodies, EBs). These EBs were then used for molecular and mechanobiological analysis methods or were enzymatically dissociated into isolated cardiac cells, which were further analyzed using single cell specific analysis as protein localization and ion fluxes analyses.