Table 5.
Multiple hierarchical regression analyses.
| IES-R | HSCL-37A | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intrusion | Avoidance | Hyperarousal | PTSD Total | Depression | Anxiety | |||||||||||||
| STEP 1 | NSV | RAPE | NCS | NSV | RAPE | NCS | NSV | RAPE | NCS | NSV | RAPE | NCS | NSV | RAPE | NCS | NSV | RAPE | NCS |
| War trauma | .35** | .23** | .44** | .29** | .18** | .25** | .34** | .25** | .34** | .36** | .24** | .38** | .23** | .19* | .22** | .21** | .20** | .23** |
| Daily stressors | .26** | .00 | .32** | .26** | .06 | .30** | .29** | .20** | .35** | .30** | .08 | .35** | .29** | .06 | .31** | .27** | .04 | .33** |
| R² | .22** | .09* | .27** | .15** | .08* | .17** | .23** | .21** | .23** | .23** | .14** | .27** | .18** | .07* | .15** | .12** | .07* | .19** |
| STEP 2 | ||||||||||||||||||
| War trauma | .34** | .22** | .40** | .27** | .18* | .24** | .33** | .26** | .30** | .34** | .24** | .35** | .20** | .20** | .19** | .18** | .20** | .22** |
| Daily stressors | .23** | .06 | .21** | .21** | .06 | .27** | .26** | .13 | .27** | .26** | .09 | .27** | .21** | −.05 | .24** | .19** | −.00 | .30** |
| Stigma | .10 | −.09 | .28** | .17** | −.01 | .08 | .10 | .10 | .23** | .14* | −.02 | .22** | .30** | .17 | .19* | .26** | .06 | .08 |
| Delta R² | .01 | .01 | .05** | .01** | .00 | .00 | .01 | .01 | .03** | .01* | .00 | .03** | .05** | .03 | .03* | .03** | .00 | .00 |
| STEP 3 | ||||||||||||||||||
| War trauma | .30** | .22** | .39** | .23** | .15* | .22** | .28** | .19** | .29** | .30** | .21** | .33** | .17** | .16* | .18* | .16** | .16* | .21** |
| Daily stressors | .20** | .06 | .20* | .18** | .07 | .26** | .22** | .10 | .26** | .22** | .08 | .26** | .19** | −.06 | .23** | .18** | −.02 | .30** |
| Stigma | .07 | −.10 | .29** | .14* | −.04 | .09 | .07 | .00 | .23** | .11* | −.06 | .23** | .29** | .10 | .19* | .25** | −.01 | .08 |
| Avoidant coping | .22** | .01 | .17* | .24** | .23* | .33** | .27** | .35** | .18** | .27** | .16 | .26** | .16** | .23* | .17* | .13** | .23* | .15* |
| Delta R² | .05** | .00 | .02* | .05** | .04* | .11** | .07** | .12** | .03** | .07** | .03 | .06** | .02** | .04* | .03* | .01** | .05* | .02* |
| STEP 4 | ||||||||||||||||||
| War trauma | .30** | .24** | .37** | .23** | .16* | .22** | .28** | .20** | .29** | .30** | .22** | .33** | .17** | .15 | .18** | .16** | .15 | .21** |
| Daily stressors | .20** | .05 | .24** | .18** | .07 | .27** | .22** | .10 | .26** | .22** | .07 | .28** | .18** | −.06 | .23** | .18** | −.02 | .29** |
| Stigma | .07 | −.06 | .26** | .15* | −.03 | .09 | .07 | .02 | .23** | .11* | −.04 | .21** | .28** | .07 | .20* | .25** | −.02 | .09 |
| Avoidant coping | .23** | −.03 | .15* | .23** | .21 | .33** | .27** | .33** | .18** | .27** | .13 | .25** | .17** | .26* | .17* | .13** | .24* | .15* |
| Family support | −.03 | .23 | .19** | .02 | .08 | .04 | .00 | .09 | −.00 | .00 | .16* | .09 | −.06* | −.14 | −.01 | −.01 | −.08 | −.03 |
| Delta R² | .00 | .03 | .03** | .00 | .01 | .00 | .00 | .01 | .00 | .00 | .02* | .01 | .01* | .01 | .00 | .00 | .00 | .00 |
*p <. 01, **p <. 001; NSV, participants who reported no sexual violence; Rape, participant who reported experiences of rape; Nonconsensual sex, participants who reported nonconsensual sexual experiences, but did not label these as “rape.”