Table 5.
Association of personality trait outcomes to tinnitus distress.
| FFM | Association between tinnitus distress and personality | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Positive association | Negative association | No association found | |
| Neuroticism | Neuroticism (44)*(45) Positive emotionality (42, 50) Negative emotionality (42) Parental criticism (41) Concerns over mistakes (41) Hypochondriasis (46) Depression (46) Psychasthenia (46) Harm avoidance (47) Self-directedness (47) Life satisfaction (49) Excitability (49) Strain (49) Somatic complaints (49) Emotionality (49) | Neuroticism (48)* Neuroticism (40) Hypochondria (43) Depression (43) Psychasthenia (43) | |
| Extraversion | Aggressiveness (49) | Social introversion (46) Social closeness (50) Positive emotionality (42, 50) | Extraversion (44, 48)* Extraversion (40) Social introversion (43) Wellbeing, social potency, achievement (50) |
| Openness | Constraint (50) Parental criticism (41) Doubts about Action (41) | Masculinity/Femininity (46) | Openness (44, 48)* Harm avoidance and traditionalism (50) Masculine/feminine (43) |
| Agreeableness | Parental expectations (41) | Agreeableness (48)* Negative emotionality (42) | Psychoticism (40) Agreeableness (44)* Negative emotionality Paranoia (46) Aggressiveness (49) Paranoia (43) |
| Consciousness | Personal standards (41) Doubts about action (41) | Consciousness (44, 48)* Constraint (42) Positive emotionality (42) Self-control (50) | Psychoticism (40) Positive emotionality (50) Harm avoidance and traditionalism (50) Psychopathic deviate (43, 46) |
*
Personality traits as measured using the FFM personality traits. Other personality traits are “translated” according to Table 2 and clustered under the corresponding FFM personality traits.