Table 2.
Notable therapies and trials for treatment to prevent coronary aneurysms in Kawasaki Disease.
| Therapy | Mechanism and cohort |
Clinical trials, National Clinical Trial (NCT) #, name (if applicable) |
Results summary/comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Infliximab | TNFα blockade, most studied in refractory cases | 2298062; 00271570; 00760435; 01596335; 03065244-KIDCARE | Given with IVIG, Improved defervescence, well-tolerated, variable z score reduction, (132). In refractory, Improved defervescence, well-tolerated, (133). KIDCARE recruiting |
| Etanercept | In conjunction with IVIG | 00841789 | Study awaiting results |
| Anakinra | IL-1 blockade, Refractory cases | 0217985302390596-KAWAKINRA | KAWAKINRA recruiting |
| Cyclosporine A | In conjunction with IVIG in predicted high risk individuals | Japan Medical Association, JMA-IIA00174- KAICA | Efficacy shown in preventing more severe coronary involvement (134), (135) |
| IVIG dosage | 00000520; 02439996 | Single dose of IVIG is better than splitting doses (136) | |
| IVIG + pulsed steroids | Primary cases | 00132080 | No difference shown (137) |
| IVIG + 5 days prednisolone | For refractory cases | 03200561- RAST | Proposal published (138); recruiting |
| IVIG without Aspirin | Primary cases | 02951234 | Proposal published (139); recruiting |
| Doxycycline | Decreases MMP degradation of elastin, supported by murine model | 01917721-DEAL | Proposal published (87); recruiting |
| Statins | For those with severe coronary artery involvement | 03915795 | Recruiting |
| Rituximab | Anti-CD20 targets B cells | na | Case report (140) |
| Plasma Exchange | Broad effects, decreases cytokines, increase of T regs | na | No active studies (141) |
na, not applicable.