TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of HFrEF and matched controls.
| Characteristics (%) | Heart failure with reduced EF (n = 158) | Matched controls (n = 115) | p-value |
| Age (SD) | 57 ± 10.4 | 54 ± 6.1 | <0.001 |
| ≤ 50 years | 39 (25) | 29 (25) | NS |
| > 50 years | 119 (75) | 86 (75) | |
| Male | 126 (80) | 92 (80) | NS |
| White | 93 (59) | 67 (58) | NS |
| BMI, kg/m2 (SD) | 29 ± 6.1 | 29 ± 5.6 | NS |
| Hypertension | 71 (45) | 13 (11) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 59 (37) | 8 (7) | <0.001 |
| CKD | 36 (23) | ||
| LVEF | 24 ± 8.1 | ||
| Medications | |||
| Beta-Blockers | 139 (88) | ||
| ACE-I/ARB | 120 (76) | ||
| Diuretics | 125 (79) | ||
| NYHA | |||
| I | 21 (13) | ||
| II | 55 (35) | ||
| III | 76 (48) | ||
| IV | 6 (4) | ||
| Subtype of heart failure | |||
| Ischemic | 55 (35) | ||
| Non-Ischemic | 101 (64) | ||
| Valvular | 10 (10) | ||
| Dilated | 11 (11) | ||
| Toxin | 9 (9) | ||
| Infiltrative | 2 (2) | ||
| Other | 69 (68) |
HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; ACE-I, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; NYHA, New York Heart Association.