Table 1.
Essential clinical and demographics across unipolar and bipolar cases.
| Study subjects (n = 131) | MDD (n = 78) | BD (n = 53, of whom BD-I = 24; BD-II = 29) | t or χ2 (df) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Essential demographics | ||||
| Age, (mean ± sd) | 49.41 ± 13.90 | 50.30 ± 12.14 | .379 (129) | .705 |
| Sex F/M, n (%) | 49 (37.4)/29 (22.1) | 35 (26.7)/18 (13.7) | .142 (1) | .706 |
| Ethnicity (Caucasian, other), n (%) | 78 (59.5) | 53 (40.5) | – | – |
| Primary school, n (%) | 14 (10.7) | 11 (8.4) | 4.948 (3) | .176 |
| Secondary school, n (%) | 29 (22.1) | 13 (9.9) | ||
| High school, n (%) | 29 (22.1) | 19 (14.5) | ||
| College, university, or higher education, n (%) | 6 (4.6) | 10 (7.6) | ||
| Unmarried, n (%) | 14 (10.7) | 15 (11.5) | 13.462 (2) | .001 |
| Married/cohabiting, n (%) | 61 (46.6) | 27 (20.6) | ||
| Widow/divorced, n (%) | 3 (2.3) | 11 (8.4) | ||
| Essential lifetime comorbidities and clinical features | ||||
| Lifetime substance use disorder, n (%) | 4 (3.1) | 6 (4.6) | 1.716 (1) | .190 |
| Lifetime panic disorder, n (%) | 28 (21.4) | 17 (13) | .204 (1) | .651 |
| Lifetime generalized anxiety disorder, n (%) | 58 (44.3) | 33 (25.2) | 2.176 (1) | .140 |
| Lifetime anorexia nervosa, n (%) | 15 (11.5) | 6 (4.6) | 1.467 (1) | .226 |
| Lifetime bulimia nervosa, n (%) | 5 (3.8%) | 4 (3.1) | .064 (1) | .801 |
| Lifetime binge eating disorder, n (%) | 8 (6.1%) | 10 (7.6) | 1.974 (1) | .160 |
| Lifetime obsessive–compulsive disorder, n (%) | 13 (9.9) | 9 (6.9) | .002 (1) | .962 |
| Lifetime specific phobia, n (%) | 17 (13) | 7 (5.3) | 1.555 (1) | .212 |
| Lifetime impulse control disorder, n (%) | 5 (3.8) | 20 (15.3) | 20.054 (1) | <.001 |
| Borderline personality disorder DSM-5, n (%) | 3 (2.3) | 5 (3.8) | 1.718 (1) | 0.190 |
| History of previous psychiatric hospitalization, n (%) | 25 (19.1) | 29 (22.1) | 6.691 (1) | 0.01 |
| Lifetime history suicidal behavior, n (%) | 28 (21.4) | 23 (17.6) | .746 (1) | .388 |
| Duration of untreated illness, in years, (mean ± sd) | 3.14 (3.77) | 2.81 (5.61) | 2.412 (129) | .81 |
| Duration of current MDE, in weeks, (mean ± sd) | 24.96 (40.34) | 40.13 (84.06) | 1.301 (114) | .196 |
| Age at onset of depression (self-report), in years, (mean ± sd) | 34.09 (14.32) | 32.85 (14.49) | −.483 (129) | .630 |
| Essential specifies | ||||
| DSM-5 MDE with melancholic features, n (%) | 11 (8.4) | 4 (3.1) | 1.337 (1) | .247 |
| DSM-5 MDE with mixed features, n (%) | 3 (2.3) | 7 (5.3) | 3.922 (1) | .048 |
| DSM-5 MDE with anxious distress, n (%) | 33 (25.2) | 13 (9.9) | 4.378 (1) | .036 |
| DSM-5 lifetime MDE with psychotic features, n (%) | 3 (2.3) | 9 (6.9) | 6.543 (1) | .001 |
| DSM-5 MDE with atypical features, n (%) | 17 (13) | 11 (8.4) | .020 (1) | .887 |
| DSM-5 MDE with catatonic features, n (%) | 0 | 0 | – | – |
| Rapid cycling, course of depression, n (%) | 1 (0.8) | 5 (3.8) | 4.798 (1) | .028 |
| DSM-5 MDE with post-partum onset, n (%) | 13 (14) | 11 (11.8) | .331 (1) | .565 |
MDD, major depressive disorder; BD, bipolar disorder; DSM-5, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; MDE, major depressive episode.
Note: Statistically significant difference in bold or p ≤.05.