Figure 3.

Inhibition of parasite motility and depletion of ATP-level upon administration of specific cAMP-analogs and PDE inhibitors. Leishmania promastigotes were treated with various cAMP-analogs (100 μM) and PDE inhibitors (50 μM), and the flagellar motility patterns of both the untreated and treated parasites were studied under the bright field of confocal microscope (A). From the same set of experiments, flagellar length and ratio of flagellar length and cell body length were calculated (shown above each open bar). Percentage of motile cells was also calculated from the same set of experiment, represented by gray bar (B). Levels of cellular ATP generation were studied after treating the parasites with cAMP-analogs (C) and PDE inhibitors (D) by ATP bioluminescence assay. Results are representative of three individual experiments, and the error bars represent mean ± SEM. **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05; compared to control untreated cells: ^#P < 0.05 compared to EHNA treated cells; two tailed unpaired t-test. ns, not significant.