Figure 4.

Bilobalide inhibited NF-κB signaling which hampered differentiation of M1 macrophage. (A) Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were treated with 1, 3, and 10 μM bilobalide in the presence of 10 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 10 ng/ml interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) (M1) for 30 min. The expression of MyD88, TRAF6, p-STAT1, STAT1, p-p65, and p65 were determined by western blot. (B) BMDMs were treated with 10 μM bilobalide in the presence of 10 ng/ml LPS and 10 ng/ml IFN-γ (M1) for 30 min. The cytosol and nuclei fraction were isolated and the level of p65 was determined by western blot. (C) The BMDMs were cultured as described above and stained with p65. The nuclei were stained with 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (blue). Scale bar: 10 μm.