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. 2020 May 21;11:718. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00718

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Copyright © 2020 Zhang, Cao, Yang, Fang, Yang, Li, Hong and Ji

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Bilobalide inhibited M1 macrophage differentiation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. (A) Quantitative determination of mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in colon tissue. (B) TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in serum were measured by ELISA. Values were presented as mean ± SEM of 6 mice/group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 compared with DSS-treated group. (C, D) The p-p65 expression in colon tissue were examined by western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Scale bar: 50 μm.