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. 2020 May 27;11:645. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00645

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Copyright © 2020 Galán-Ávila, García-Fortea, Prohens and Herraiz.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Seed germination of C. sativa. The different developmental stages are described as follows: (A) Seeds just before being sterilized. (B) Germinated seed 48 h. after in vitro sowing with the root apical meristem arising from testa. (C) Emerging seedling 5 days after seed plating, with testa being visible at the bottom of the image. (D) Seven-days-old seedling with fully expanded first pair of true leaves, which is equivalent to the phenological growth stage coded in this species by number 11 in BBCH-scale: arrow marks dissection point. (E) View of 7-days-old seedling allowing observation of vegetative shoot apex: arrow points shoot apex location on seedling. (F) Remaining vegetative shoot apex after dissection of hypocotyl, cotyledon and true leaves from 7 days-old seedling, with shoot apical meristem (SAM) highlighted on it: detail of SAM (inset in panel F). Scale bars: 1 mm.