Table 2.
Mean (SE) blood pressure, blood lipid and glucose concentrations by total dairy intake (n=147 812)
| Outcome | Adjusted means (SE) | p-trend | |||
| 0 serving/day | 0.01–1 serving/day | 1.01–2 serving/day | >2 serving/day | ||
| Total dairy intake | |||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 133.2 (0.74) | 131.8 (0.73) | 130.9 (0.74) | 130.3 (0.74) | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 83.8 (0.57) | 82.7 (0.56) | 82.2 (0.57) | 81.8 (0.57) | <0.0001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 85.8 (0.37) | 85.7 (0.36) | 85.5 (0.36) | 85.2 (0.37) | <0.0001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.8 (0.33) | 26.6 (0.32) | 26.6 (0.32) | 26.3 (0.33) | <0.0001 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.21 (0.016) | 1.21 (0.016) | 1.21 (0.016) | 1.21 (0.016) | 0.133 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.55 (0.04) | 1.55 (0.03) | 1.53 (0.03) | 1.49 (0.04) | <0.0001 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.33 (0.07) | 5.34 (0.07) | 5.30 (0.07) | 5.26 (0.07) | 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.87 (0.05) | 4.91 (0.05) | 4.91 (0.05) | 4.89 (0.05) | 0.170 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.03 (0.05) | 3.08 (0.05) | 3.08 (0.05) | 3.06 (0.05) | 0.03 |
| Total cholesterol to HDL-C ratio | 4.22 (0.06) | 4.25 (0.06) | 4.26 (0.06) | 4.24 (0.06) | 0.16 |
| Triglyceride to HDL-C ratio | 1.45 (0.04) | 1.44 (0.04) | 1.44 (0.04) | 1.40 (0.04) | 0.02 |
| ApoA1 (µmol/L) | 1.50 (0.02) | 1.50 (0.02) | 1.49 (0.02) | 1.49 (0.02) | 0.06 |
| ApoB (µmol/L) | 1.00 (0.01) | 1.02 (0.01) | 1.02 (0.01) | 1.00 (0.01) | 0.03 |
| ApoA to ApoB ratio | 0.70 (0.02) | 0.71 (0.01) | 0.71 (0.01) | 0.70 (0.01) | 0.59 |
Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, blood pressure medication, smoking, location (urban/rural), education, physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, percent energy from carbohydrates, energy and study center as random effect.
Mean waist circumferences was adjusted for age (continuous), sex, BMI (continuous), smoking, location (urban/rural), education, physical activity, energy intake, quintiles of fruits and vegetables, percent energy from carbohydrates consumption, and study center as random effect.
Mean body mass index was adjusted for age (continuous), sex, smoking, location (urban/rural), education, physical activity, energy intake, quintiles of fruits and vegetables, percent energy from carbohydrates consumption, and study center as random effect.
Mean HDL-C was adjusted for age (continuous), sex, body mass index (continuous), smoking, cholesterol and statin medication, location (urban/rural), education, physical activity, energy intake, quintiles of fruits and vegetables, percent energy from carbohydrates consumption, and study center as random effect.
Mean triglyceride was adjusted for age (continuous), sex, body mass index (continuous), smoking, statin medication, location (urban/rural), education, physical activity, energy intake, quintiles of fruits and vegetables, percent energy from carbohydrates consumption, and study center as random effect.
Mean fasting blood glucose was adjusted for age (continuous), sex, body mass index (continuous), smoking, diabetes medication, location (urban/rural), education, physical activity, energy intake, quintiles of fruits and vegetables, percent energy from carbohydrates consumption, and study center as random effect.
Mean total cholesterol, LDL-C, total cholesterol to HDL-C ratio, ApoA, ApoB, ApoA to ApoB ratio were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, cholesterol medication, education, location (urban/rural), physical activity, energy intake, quintiles of fruits and vegetables, percent energy from carbohydrates consumption, and study center as random effect.
Apo, apolipoprotein; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol.