Table 4.
Risk factors for AKI in patients receiving ICPi
| Variable | OR (95% CI) | P value |
| Univariable analysis | ||
| Age | 1.02 (0.99 to 1.04) | 0.17 |
| Female sex | 0.58 (0.31 to 1.10) | 0.1 |
| Baseline sCr (per 0.1 mg/dL or 9 umol/L) | 1.02 (0.90 to 1.16) | 0.72 |
| Charlson score | 1.16 (1.01 to 1.33) | 0.042 |
| Other IRAE | 3.19 (1.68 to 6.05) | <0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 9.24 (2.13 to 40.0) | 0.003 |
| Chronic heart failure | 1.27 (0.14 to 11.6) | 0.83 |
| COPD/asthma | 0.68 (0.10 to 4.70) | 0.69 |
| Dementia | 2.58 (0.46 to 14.5) | 0.28 |
| Depression | 1.29 (0.41 to 4.02) | 0.66 |
| Diabetes | 1.78 (0.75 to 4.20) | 0.19 |
| Hypertension | 4.27 (2.28 to 8.01) | <0.001 |
| Myocardial infarction | 1.91 (0.58 to 6.26) | 0.29 |
| Rheumatic disease | 1.25 (0.14 to 11.4) | 0.84 |
| ACE/ARBi | 2.90 (1.47 to 5.69) | 0.002 |
| PPI | 1.90 (0.83 to 4.35) | 0.13 |
| Diuretics | 4.34 (1.93 to 9.79) | <0.001 |
| NSAIDs | 0.77 (0.17 to 3.52) | 0.74 |
| Steroids | 1.94 (1.06 to 3.57) | 0.033 |
| Antibiotics | 1.22 (0.81 to 1.86) | 0.34 |
| Multivariable analysis | ||
| Other IRAE | 2.82 (1.45 to 5.48) | 0.002 |
| Hypertension | 2.96 (1.33 to 6.59) | 0.008 |
| Use of ACE/ARBi | 1.18 (0.51 to 2.72) | 0.69 |
| Use of diuretics | 1.96 (0.78 to 4.94) | 0.15 |
| Sensitivity* multivariable analysis | ||
| Other IRAE | 5.59 (2.18 to 14.33) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 1.66 (0.59 to 4.65) | 0.34 |
| Use of ACE/ARBi | 1.60 (0.54 to 4.70) | 0.39 |
| Use of diuretics | 2.33 (0.68 to 7.95) | 0.18 |
*Sensitivity analysis includes only AKI events that were biopsy- or nephrologist-confirmed to be ICPi-related or possible ICPi-related (ie, excluding AKI events likely related to other causes); n=288.
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; AKI, acute kidney injury; ARBi, angiotensin-receptor blocker inhibitors; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICPi, immune checkpoint inhibitors; IRAE, immune-related adverse event; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PPI, proton pump inhibitors.