Table 2.
Time to mortality
| Crude HR (95% CI)* | p value | Adjusted HR†(95% CI)‡ | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | |||||
| <65 | 1 (ref) | .. | 1 (ref) | .. | |
| 65–79 | 3·30 (2·40–4·55) | <0·0001 | 2·58 (1·82–3·64) | <0·0001 | |
| ≥80 | 4·05 (2·95–5·57) | <0·0001 | 2·92 (2·02–4·22) | <0·0001 | |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 1 (ref) | .. | 1 (ref) | .. | |
| Male | 0·99 (0·81–1·21) | 0·93 | 1·07 (0·85–1·32) | 0·56 | |
| Smoking status | |||||
| Never | 1 (ref) | .. | 1 (ref) | .. | |
| Ex-smokers | 1·20 (0·98–1·47) | 0·079 | 0·95 (0·77–1·18) | 0·67 | |
| Current smokers | 0·84 (0·55–1·29) | 0·43 | 0·91 (0·59–1·42) | 0·69 | |
| Increased C-reactive protein (>40 mg/dL) | 2·22 (1·69–2·92) | <0·0001 | 2·61 (1·97–3·45) | <0·0001 | |
| Patients with diabetes | 1·12 (0·90–1·39) | 0·30 | 1·03 (0·82–1·29) | 0·83 | |
| Patients with coronary artery disease | 1·57 (1·26–1·95) | <0·0001 | 1·19 (0·94–1·49) | 0·83 | |
| Patients with hypertension | 1·24 (1·01–1·51) | 0·036 | 0·95 (0·77–1·18) | 0·66 | |
| Impaired renal function (eGFR <60 mL/min per 1·73 m2) | 1·93 (1·58–2·35) | <0·0001 | 1·43 (1·16–1·77) | 0·0007 | |
| Clinical frailty scale | |||||
| 1–2 | 1 (ref) | .. | 1 (ref) | .. | |
| 3–4 | 2·25 (1·47–3·45) | <0·0002 | 1·55 (1·00–2·41) | 0·052 | |
| 5–6 | 3·12 (2·05–4·76) | <0·0001 | 1·83 (1·15–2·91) | 0·011 | |
| 7–9 | 4·41 (2·90–6·71) | <0·0001 | 2·39 (1·50–3·81) | <0·0002 | |
eGFR=estimated glomerular filtration rate. HR=hazard ratio.
*
n=1520; 44 patients were not included in the analysis because of patient death or discharge on the day of admission.
†
The multivariable mixed-effects Cox regression was adjusted for age group, sex, smoking, C-reactive protein, diabetes, coronary artery disease, hypertension, renal function, and the clinical frailty scale.
‡
n=1500; 20 further patients were not included in this analysis because of missing covariate data.