Table 3.
Time from hospital admission to discharge
| Crude HR (95% CI)* | p value | Adjusted HR†(95% CI)‡ | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | |||||
| <65 | 1 (ref) | .. | 1 (ref) | .. | |
| 65–79 | 0·74 (0·62–0·88) | 0·0006 | 0·82 (0·68–1·00) | 0·047 | |
| ≥80 | 0·56 (0·46–0·68) | <0·0001 | 0·62 (0·49–0·79) | <0·0001 | |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 1 (ref) | .. | 1 (ref) | .. | |
| Male | 1·03 (0·89–1·21) | 0·67 | 0·94 (0·80–1·10) | 0·42 | |
| Smoking status | |||||
| Never | 1 (ref) | .. | 1 (ref) | .. | |
| Ex-smokers | 0·90 (0·77–1·05) | 0·19 | 0·95 (0·81–1·12) | 0·54 | |
| Current smokers | 1·05 (0·78–1·43) | 0·74 | 0·97 (0·71–1·32) | 0·84 | |
| Increased C-reactive protein (>40 mg/dL) | 0·84 (0·71–0·98) | 0·028 | 0·73 (0·61–0·86) | <0·0002 | |
| Patients with diabetes | 0·89 (0·75–1·06) | 0·18 | 0·93 (0·77–1·12) | 0·43 | |
| Patients with coronary artery disease | 0·91 (0·74–1·10) | 0·33 | 1·10 (0·90–1·36) | 0·36 | |
| Patients with hypertension | 0·86 (0·75–1·00) | 0·056 | 0·93 (0·79–1·09) | 0·36 | |
| Impaired renal function (eGFR <60 mL/min per 1·73 m2) | 0·78 (0·66–0·92) | 0·0031 | 0·95 (0·79–1·14) | 0·58 | |
| Clinical frailty scale | |||||
| 1–2 | 1 (ref) | .. | 1 (ref) | .. | |
| 3–4 | 0·87 (0·71–1·05) | 0·15 | 0·94 (0·77–1·16) | 0·58 | |
| 5–6 | 0·61 (0·49–0·76) | <0·0001 | 0·70 (0·54–0·91) | 0·0084 | |
| 7–9 | 0·56 (0·44–0·72) | <0·0001 | 0·66 (0·50–0·87) | 0·0035 | |
eGFR=estimated glomerular filtration rate. HR=hazard ratio.
*
n=1520; 44 patients were not included in the analysis because of patient death or discharge on the day of admission.
†
The multivariable mixed-effects Cox regression was adjusted for age group, sex, smoking, C-reactive protein, diabetes, coronary artery disease, hypertension, renal function, and the clinical frailty scale.
‡
n=1500; 20 further patients were not included in this analysis because of missing covariate data.