Univariant analysis of the top 10 VIP. Concentration of the top 10 VIPs identified from the OPLS-DA model were compared between ROP and non-ROP premature infants. Only C3DC (P < 0.001) and glycine (P = 0.018) reached statistical significance between the two groups. For statistical significance analysis, Student's t-test was performed for glycine, glutamate, leucine, valine, and homocysteine; Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for serine, piperidine, tryptophan, citrulline, and C3DC. “a” represents statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) “b” indicates differences are not significant.