Table 1.

Emergency treatment protocol of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients

Diagnosis	Treatment	Pharmacological management
Restorative procedures
Pain due to filling loss/deep carious lesion	- Caries excavation preferably with hand instruments - Provisional filling with a glass ionomer cement or composite buildup material and 1-step self-etch adhesive	- Nonopioid pain medication (acetaminophen 500 mg, if necessary)
Endodontic procedures
Symptomatic irreversible pulpitis/apical periodontitis	- Access cavity preparation strictly under rubber dam - Full pulpotomy - Interim dressing (Ledermix®) - Temporary filling material (Cavit®)	- Nonopioid pain medication (acetaminophen 500 mg) + NSAID (ibuprofen 600 mg) if necessary
Symptomatic apical periodontitis (previously treated)	- Restorable: pharmacological treatment - Non-restorable: extraction	- Nonopioid pain medication (acetaminophen 500 mg) + NSAID (ibuprofen 600 mg) if necessary - Aminopenicilline (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 875/125 mg) or lincosamide (clindamycin 600 mg × 5 days) if necessary
Periodontal procedures
Acute periodontal abscess	- Subgingival scaling/curettage with hand instruments - Incision and drainage (if necessary)	- Nonopioid pain medication (acetaminophen 500 mg) + NSAID (ibuprofen 600 mg) if necessary - Aminopenicilline (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 875/125 mg) or lincosamide (clindamycin 600 mg × 5 days) if necessary
Trauma procedures
Crown fracture without pulp exposure	- Adhesive reattachment of the fragment - Adhesive cover with flowable composite	- Nonopioid pain medication (acetaminophen 500 mg) if necessary
Crown fracture with pulp exposure	- Vital pulp therapy with Ca(OH)2 or tricalcium silicate - Adhesive cover with flowable composite	- Nonopioid pain medication (acetaminophen 500 mg) if necessary
Crown root fracture with pulp exposure	- Removal of the crown fragment to evaluate probability of treatment success - Vital pulp therapy	- Nonopioid pain medication (acetaminophen 500 mg) if necessary
Horizontal root fracture	- Repositioning of the coronal fragment and splinting with TTS/composite (according to IADT guidelines)	- Nonopioid pain medication (acetaminophen 500 mg) if necessary
Extrusion	- Repositioning and splinting with TTS/composite (according to IADT guidelines)	- Nonopioid pain medication (acetaminophen 500 mg) if necessary
Lateral luxation	- Repositioning and splinting with TTS/composite (according to IADT guidelines)	- Nonopioid pain medication (acetaminophen 500 mg) if necessary
Intrusion	- Wait and observe - Referral to OMF S * / Orthodontic Department for second opinion	- Nonopioid pain medication (acetaminophen 500 mg) if necessary
Avulsion	- Replantation and splinting with TTS/composite (according to IADT guidelines)	- Nonopioid pain medication (acetaminophen 500 mg) - > 12 years of age: tetracycline (doxycyclin 100 mg × 7 days*) - < 12 years of age: aminopenicilline (amoxicillin q.i.d. × 7 days*)
Trauma involving facial bone structures	- Referral to the OMFS Department	- Nonopioid pain medication (acetaminophen 500 mg) + NSAID (ibuprofen 600 mg) if necessary - Aminopenicilline (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 875/125 mg) or - Lincosamide (clindamycin 600 mg × 5 days)
Extraoral swelling and cellulitis	- Referral to OMFS Department	- Nonopioid pain medication (acetaminophen 500 mg) + NSAID (ibuprofen 600 mg) if necessary - Aminopenicilline (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 875/125 mg) or - Lincosamide (clindamycin 600 mg × 5 days) if necessary - Acetaminophen 500 mg (+ ibuprofen 600 mg)

*OMFS oral and maxillofacial surgery department