Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of HFpEF patients according to group determined by CONUT (controlling nutritional status) scores.
| All HFpEF patients n = 506 |
Normal group n = 231 |
Light group n = 226 |
Moderate group n = 49 |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 71.6 ± 9.4 | 71.7 ± 9.4 | 71.0 ± 9.5 | 74.1 ± 8.6 | 0.114 |
| Male, n (%) | 277 (54.7) | 133 (57.5) | 117 (51.7) | 27 (55.1) | 0.461 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.1 ± 3.6 | 24.5 ± 3.5 | 23.8 ± 3.8 | 23.4 ± 2.9 | 0.061 |
| NYHA III or IV, n (%) | 86 (16.9) | 35 (15.1) | 39 (17.2) | 12 (24.4) | 0.363 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 156 (30.8) | 92 (39.8) | 52 (23.0)** | 12 (24.4) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 396 (78.2) | 198 (85.7) | 163 (72.1)** | 35 (71.4) | 0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 393 (77.6) | 192 (83.1) | 163 (72.1)* | 38 (77.5) | 0.013 |
| IHD, n (%) | 266 (52.5) | 145 (62.7) | 100 (44.2)** | 21 (42.8)* | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 145 (28.6) | 54 (23.3) | 74 (32.7) | 17 (34.6) | 0.054 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 130.1 ± 21.2 | 129.6 ± 20.1 | 130.2 ± 22.4 | 132.7 ± 20.7 | 0.646 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 71.0 ± 13.1 | 70.2 ± 12.3 | 71.9 ± 13.4 | 70.3 ± 12.8 | 0.328 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.7 ± 1.8 | 12.8 ± 1.8 | 12.7 ± 1.9 | 12.5 ± 1.7 | 0.508 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 0.44 ± 1.9 | 0.27 ± 0.8 | 0.39 ± 2.0 | 1.5 ± 3.9 | 0.073 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 62.2 ± 19.5 | 62.0 ± 18.6 | 63.6 ± 20.6 | 56.9 ± 17.4 | 0.095 |
| BNP (pg/mL) | 175.9 ± 291.2 | 120.3 ± 184.0 | 225.2 ± 374.1** | 209.3 ± 291.2 | <0.001 |
| LVEF (%) | 62.7 ± 5.8 | 63.1 ± 5.3 | 62.1 ± 6.0 | 63.1 ± 6.8 | 0.120 |
| SVI | 40.2 ± 9.9 | 40.9 ± 9.7 | 39.8 ± 9.5 | 39.3 ± 12.5 | 0.410 |
| LAD (mm) | 39.5 ± 7.0 | 39.5 ± 7.3 | 39.2 ± 6.9 | 40.8 ± 6.6 | 0.391 |
| E/e′ | 17.5 ± 5.0 | 17.0 ± 4.0 | 17.9 ± 5.7 | 18.3 ± 5.7 | 0.054 |
| TR-PG (mmHg) | 25.3 ± 8.0 | 24.6 ± 8.1 | 25.3 ± 7.4 | 28.6 ± 9.7 * | 0.017 |
| PAP (mmHg) | 31.6 ± 9.1 | 30.5 ± 9.2 | 31.9 ± 8.6 | 35.5 ± 10.2** | 0.006 |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 124 (24.5) | 48 (20.7) | 58 (25.6) | 18 (36.7) | 0.082 |
| ACE-I or ARB, n (%) | 317 (62.6) | 159 (68.8) | 124 (54.8)** | 34 (69.3) | 0.006 |
| CCB, n (%) | 294 (58.1) | 139 (60.1) | 122 (53.9) | 33 (67.3) | 0.154 |
| Beta-blocker, n (%) | 225 (44.4) | 121 (52.3) | 86 (38.1)** | 18 (36.7) | 0.006 |
| Statin, n (%) | 303 (59.8) | 145 (62.7) | 161 (71.2)** | 29 (59.1) | <0.001 |
| CONUT score | 4.3 ± 1.2 | 0.5 ± 0.4 | 2.6 ± 0.7** | 5.8 ± 0.8**,‡ | <0.001 |
Data are presented as the mean ± SD, median (interquartile range), or number (percentage).
HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; BMI, body mass index; NYHA, New York Heart Association; IHD, ischemic heart disease; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; hs-CRP, high sensitivity C reactive protein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; SVI, stroke volume index; LAD, left atrium diameter; TR-PG, tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient; PAP, pulmonary artery systolic pressure; ACE-I, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blocker; CCB, calcium channel blocker
P < 0.01 vs. light group.
P < 0.05.
P < 0.01 vs. normal group.