TABLE 1.

List of selective studies using organic nanoparticles for the delivery of therapeutics to repair infarcted myocardial tissue.

Nanoparticles/size (nm)	Therapeutic agents	MI Model	Dose/administration route	Results	References
Micelle/14.9 Liposome/101.5	None	Mouse, acute and chronic	50 μmol Gd/kg, intravenous	Micelles permeated the entire infarct area, Liposomes showed slower and restricted extravasation from the vasculature	Paulis et al., 2012
Micelles/90–100	ROS	Mouse, acute	3 mg, intramyocardial	Reduced infarct size and improved heart functions	Vong et al., 2018
PEG-PLGA/350	Liraglutide	Rat, chronic	380 μg, intramyocardial	Reduced infarct size, preserved wall thickness, stimulated angiogenesis, prevented cardiomyocyte apoptosis and improved heart functions	Qi Q. et al., 2017
PLGA/113	VEGF	Mouse, chronic	0.06, 2.6 or 0.6 pg, intramyocardial	Improved heart function, increased wall thickness, reduced infarct size and vasculogenesis	Oduk et al., 2018
PLGA/75	IGF1	Mouse, chronic	20 ng, intramyocardial	Prevented cardiomyocyte apoptosis, reduced infarct size, improved LV function and cardiac geometry	Chang et al., 2013
PK3/500	Nox2-siRNA	Mouse, chronic	5 ug/kg, intramyocardial	Improved fractional shortening	Somasuntharam et al., 2013
PK3/500	Nox2-miRNA	Mouse, chronic	5 ug/kg, intramyocardial	Improved fractional shortening and ejection fraction, reduced infarct size	Yang et al., 2017
Micelles/40	Nitroxyl radical	Dog, I/R	3 mg/kg, intravenous	Reduced infarct size and myocardial apoptosis	Asanuma et al., 2017
Micelles/34.7±14	CCR2	Mouse, acute	33 mg/kg, intravenous	No statistically significant improvements in cardiac function and infarct size	Wang et al., 2018
Silicon/100–200	siRNA, CCR2, MSCs	Mouse, chronic	25 mg/kg 1×105 cells, intravenous	Improved LV remodeling amelioration and vascular density	Lu et al., 2015
Lipid/50	siRNA CRMP2	Mouse, chronic	70 μg/kg, intravenous	Reduced post-MI heart failure, mortality and fibrosis	Zhou J. et al., 2018
Lipid/<160	Cyclosporine A, ADSCs	Pig, chronic	2 mg/kg 4×107 cells, intravenous	Improved heart function, reduced infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis	Yin et al., 2014
Silicon/180	ERK1/2 inhibitor	Rat, acute	33 μg, intravenous	Reduced hypertrophy	Ferreira et al., 2017
PLGA/100	Cyclosporine A	Mouse, I/R	1 mg/kg, intravenous	Improved LV remodeling	Ikeda et al., 2016
PLGA/200	Irbesartan	Mouse, I/R	3 mg/kg, intravenous	Reduced infarct size and LV remodeling	Nakano et al., 2016
PLGA/160	Pitavastatin	Rat, I/R	1 mg/kg, intravenous	Reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis	Mao et al., 2017
PLGA/160	Pitavastatin	Mouse, I/R	1 mg/kg, intravenous	Improved LV remodeling	Nagaoka et al., 2015
PLGA/160	Pitavastatin	Pig, I/R	8–32 mg/kg, intravenous	Improved LV remodeling, reduced infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis	Ichimura et al., 2016
PEI/45	siRNA Icam1, Icam1, Vcam1, Sele and Selp	Mouse, chronic	1 mg/kg, intravenous	Reduced matrix-degrading protease activity	Sager et al., 2016
Lipid/110	Puerarin	Rat, chronic	50 mg/kg, intravenous	Reduced infarct size and oxidative stress	Dong et al., 2017
Lipid/84	Baicalin	Rat, chronic	10 mg/kg, intravenous	Reduced infarct size and oxidative stress	Zhang et al., 2016
Lipid/130	Schisandrin B	Rat, chronic	10 mg/kg, intravenous	Reduced infarct size	Shao et al., 2017
Lipid/<1000	Hemin	Mouse, chronic	2 mg/kg, intravenous	Improved infarct healing and repair	Ben-Mordechai et al., 2017
Lipid/105	Flavonoid	Rat, I/R	0.29 drug/lipid ratio, intravenous	Reduced infarct size	Tan et al., 2017
PEG-poly oxymethyl estyrene/40	2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine-1-oxyl	Dog, I/R	3 mg/kg, intravenous	Reduced infarct size, apoptosis and ventricular fibrillation	Asanuma et al., 2017
Micellar/-	Rapamycin	Diabetic mouse, I/R	0.75 mg/kg/day, p.o. 10 weeks before I/R	Improved cardiac functions; reduced infarct size	Samidurai et al., 2017
Dendrimer/50	microRNA-1 inhibitor	Mouse, acute	15 μg, intravenous	Reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and infarct size	Xue et al., 2018