Table 1.

Variables associated with the presence of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS).

Variable	With SS (n = 20)	Without SS (n = 4826a)	Bivariate analyses	Multivariate analyses
			p value	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p value
Age (years)			0.107
20–39	2 (10%)	1,549 (32.1%)
40–59	10 (50%)	1,856 (38.5%)		2,940 (0.627–13.776)	0.171
≥ 60	8 (40%)	1,421 (29.4%)		3.097 (0.642–14.948)	0.159
Gender (female)	17 (85%)	2,615 (54.2%)	0.006	3.967 (1.137–13.843)	0.031
Area of Spain			0.261
North	9 (45%)	1,382 (28.6%)
Center	4 (20%)	1,423 (29.5%)
Mediterranean (+ Canary Islands)	7 (35%)	2,021 (41.9%)
Level of education			0.752
Elementary	9 (45%)	1,796 (37.2%)
Middle	5 (25%)	1,258 (26.1%)
High	6 (30%)	1,767 (36.6%)
Body mass index			0.487
Normal	12 (60%)	2,059 (44.4%)
Underweight	0	54 (1.2%)
Overweight	5 (25%)	1,847 (39.8%)
Obese	3 (15%)	681 (14.7%))
Tobacco			0.900
Never	10 (50%)	2,373 (49.2%)
Before	6 (30%)	1,294 (26.8%)
Active smoking	4 (20%)	1,159 (24%)
Birth abroad of Spain	2b (10%)	336 (7%)	0.646
Residence			0.062
Rural	1 (5%)	1,098 (22.8%)		6.051 (0.809–42.285)	0.080
Urban	19 (95%)	3,728 (77.2%)

^aThis number is the remainder of taking 20 cases with confirmed SS and 70 missing subjects from the 4,916 individuals of the final sample.

^bOne case in another European country and 1 case in South America.