Table 1.
The pharmacotherapies advised by official guidelines for COVID-19.
| Country/Organization | IFN | Ribavirin | Arbidol | Anti-HIV drugs | HCQ/CQ | Azithromycin | Remdesivir | Corticosteroids | Tocilizumab | Other Drugs | Update time | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China (7th edition) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes(L/r) | Yes | Severe and critical cases | Yes | (Detailed in Table 2) | 2020.03.04 | (The National Commission of the People's Republic of China, 2020i) | ||
| German | Compassionate use (L/r) | Compassionate use | Compassionate use | Camostat (compassionate use) | 2020.04.14 | (Kluge et al., 2020) | ||||||
| Italy 2.0 | Yes (L/r, Darunavir, Darunavir/cobicistat) | Yes | Yes | Only patients with ARDS | Yes | 2020.03.13 | (Italian Society of Infectious and Tropical Diseases SECTION, 2020) | |||||
| ATS | No suggestion | Conditional (on a case-by-case basis) | No suggestion | No suggestion | No suggestion | 2020.04.03 | (Wilson et al., 2020) | |||||
| NIH | Only in clinical trial | Only in clinical trial | Only in clinical trial | Only in clinical trial | For severe cases; Not for mild or moderate cases | Only patients with refractory shock | Janus kinase inhibitors (e.g., baricitinib, in clinical trial) | 2020.05.12 | (NIH, 2020) | |||
| IDSA | Only in clinical trial | Only in clinical trial | Only in clinical trial | Only in clinical trial | Only in clinical trial | Only in clinical trial | Only in clinical trial | Only patients with ARDS | Only in clinical trial | 2020.04.21 | (Bhimraj et al., 2020) | |
| FDA | EUA (both HQ & CQ) |
EUA | 2020.05.16 | (FDA, 2020) | ||||||||
| SSC | Only patients with ARDS | Antimicrobials/antibacterial agents, acetaminophen/paracetamol | 2020.03.28 | (Alhazzani et al., 2020) |
Key: ATS, American Thoracic Society; SSC, Surviving Sepsis Campaign; NIH, National Institutes of Health; IDSA, Infectious Diseases Society of America; FDA, Food and Drug Administration; ARDS, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; IFN, interferon; EUA, emergency use authorization; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; CQ, chloroquine; L/r, Lopinavir/ritonavir.