Table 3.
Alteration of hMSC properties from planar culture to microcarrier-based bioreactor culture.
| hMSC Characteristics | Microcarrier-base bioreactor vs. planer | Therapeutic perspective | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Expansion | Extended lag phase; Comparable/lower proliferation rate; Longer doubling times; Stable chromosome |
Support long-term culture and large-scale expansion; satisfy clinical cell dosage requirements |
Schatti et al., 2011; Hanley et al., 2014; Hupfeld et al., 2014; Martin-Manso and Hanley, 2015; Yu et al., 2017 |
| Phenotype | Stable ISCT criteria; Negative for CD349 in UC, AM, Placenta; CD146 ↓ in UC, AM and BM; HLA-DR↑ in BM |
Meet ISCT's minimal criteria, while certain markers have variations | Timmins et al., 2012; Hupfeld et al., 2014; Collignon et al., 2016; Petry et al., 2016; Lawson et al., 2017 |
| Differentiation potential | Osteogenic differentiation ↑; Adipogenic differentiation ↓; Chondrogenic differentiation ↑ |
Lineage commitment via modification of microcarrier surface properties. | Aggarwal and Pittenger, 2005; Sun et al., 2010; Hervy et al., 2014; Hupfeld et al., 2014; Kang et al., 2015; Panchalingam et al., 2015 |
| Migration ability | Cell size ↓; CXCR4 ↑ |
Improve MSC homing after transplantation | Levato et al., 2015; Yu et al., 2017 |
| Secretory function (Immunomodulation, Angiogenesis and neuroprotection) | IL-6 ↑; IL-8 ↑; CXCL5 ↑; Cystatin C ↑; GDN ↑; Galectin-1 ↑; PEDF ↑; BDNF ↑; IGF-1 ↑; VEGF ↑; IL-1ra ↑; SDF-1a ↑; bFGF ↑; M-CSF ↑; NGF ↑; MCP-1 ↑; HGF ↑ |
Maintain or improve anti-inflammation and immunomodulation for T cells and macrophages after transplantation, enhance therapeutic effects in neurological disease. | Fernandes-Platzgummer et al., 2016; Lin et al., 2016; Petry et al., 2016; Teixeira et al., 2017 |
UC, umbilical cords; AM, amniotic membrane; BM, bone marrow; CXCR4, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CXCL5, C-X-C motif chemokine 5; GDN, glia-derived nexin; HGF, hepatocyte growth factor; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1; IL-1ra, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist; IL-6, interleukin 6; IL-8, interleukin 8; MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1; M-CSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor; NGF, nerve growth factor; PEDF, pigment epithelium-derived factor; SDF-1a, stromal-derived-factor-1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.