FIGURE 2.

Neurohumoral regulation of gastric acid secretion. Multiple pathways are involved in the regulation of gastric acid secretion, including the neuronal and endocrine pathways mediated by the enteric nervous system and enteroendocrine cells in the gastrointestinal mucosa. Histamine-producing enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells and ghrelin-producing X cells are found in the corpus, while somatostatin-producing D cells are distributed throughout the stomach. Gastrin-producing G cells are specifically localized in the antrum. Small intestinal enteroendocrine cells have some overlapping expression of gastric peptides including ghrelin and somatostatin (93, 185).