Table 4.
Associations between prospective ACEs measures and mid-life inflammation – individual ACEs, ACE scores and LCA-derived ACE clusters.
| CRP N = 7059 |
Fibrinogen N = 8810 |
vWF N = 8810 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude |
Adjustedb |
Crude |
Adjustedb |
Crude |
Adjustedb |
|
| % differencea (95% CI) | % differencea (95% CI) | % differencea (95% CI) | % differencea (95% CI) | % differencea (95% CI) | % differencea (95% CI) | |
| Parental separation/divorce | 13.20 (0.68, 27.27) | 7.43 (-4.44, 20.76) | 3.23 (1.43, 5.07) | 1.95 (0.19, 3.74) | −0.01 (-2.84, 2.92) | −0.22 (-3.06, 2.70) |
| Parental substance misuse | −19.50 (−42.20, 12.13) | −24.26 (−45.49, 5.23) | 4.27 (−0.99, 9.81) | 2.70 (−2.41, 8.07) | 3.68 (−4.73, 12.82) | 2.32 (−5.96, 11.34) |
| Parental death | 11.99 (−4.99, 32.00) | 8.97 (−7.43, 28.28) | 4.46 (1.93, 7.05) | 3.77 (1.30, 6.30) | 3.14 (−0.91, 7.35) | 2.48 (−1.53, 6.66) |
| Parental mental illness | 8.25 (−4.89, 23.22) | 4.16 (−8.39, 18.44) | 1.65 (−0.30, 3.65) | 0.86 (−1.05, 2.80) | 3.91 (0.66, 7.26) | 3.42 (0.19, 6.74) |
| Physical neglect | 18.40 (4.22, 34.51) | 10.51 (−2.69, 25.51) | 2.77 (0.82, 4.75) | 1.62 (−0.28, 3.57) | 5.03 (1.79, 8.36) | 3.64 (0.43, 6.94) |
| Parental offending | 35.95 (20.30, 53.63) | 26.67 (12.11, 43.12) | 6.03 (4.06, 8.05) | 5.36 (3.42, 7.35) | 5.57 (2.38, 8.87) | 3.99 (0.83, 7.26) |
| Family conflict | 11.90 (4.10, 20.28) | 11.95 (−2.54, 28.58) | 2.52 (1.40, 3.64) | 1.59 (0.50, 2.67) | 1.94 (0.14, 3.77) | 1.75 (−0.05, 3.58) |
| ACE score | ||||||
| 0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 1 | 19.38 (10.54, 28.94) | 13.72 (5.31, 22.80) | 2.67 (1.47, 3.88) | 1.92 (0.74, 3.11) | 2.90 (0.94, 4.89) | 2.09 (0.14, 4.07) |
| 2+ | 23.90 (9.84, 39.76) | 15.89 (2.78, 30.69) | 5.14 (3.25, 7.06) | 3.90 (2.05, 5.77) | 4.89 (1.83, 8.04) | 3.86 (0.82, 6.99) |
| LCA-derived ACE clusters | ||||||
| Low ACEs | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Household dysfunction | 22.97 (4.91, 44.14) | 15.61 (−1.29, 35.41) | 4.42 (1.96, 6.93) | 3.11 (0.72, 5.56) | 5.64 (1.61, 9.82) | 4.55 (0.56, 8.70) |
| Parental loss | 0.82 (−18.93, 25.40) | −4.52 (−23.10, 18.55) | 4.74 (1.37, 8.22) | 3.52 (0.25, 6.91) | 2.60 (−2.73, 8.23) | 2.26 (−3.05, 7.85) |
a
Results are expressed as percentage difference in the inflammatory marker to aid interpretation as each marker was log-transformed and multiplied by 100 due to positive skew.
b
Model is adjusted for birthweight, gestational age, gender, father’s social class at birth, mother’s education and breastfeeding duration. Abbrevations: ACE(s) = Adverse Childhood Experience(s); CRP = C-Reactive Protein; LCA = Latent Class Analysis; vWF = von Willebrand Factor.