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. 2020 Jun 16;1(2):66–74. doi: 10.1089/phage.2020.0007

FIG. 1.

FIG. 1.

The mutagenic tetrasect. The mutagenic tetrasect consists of de novo mutation, transformation, conjugation, and transduction. Each of these means of acquiring new DNA content contributes to the spread, virulence, and resistance to antibiotics of pathogenic bacteria. Reprinted with permission from Maresso, A.W. Bacterial Virulence: A Conceptual Primer, Textbook, 2019.