Fig. 2.

Functional analysis of cardiac fibroblast subtypes. (A) Proliferation curves of HVFs (n = 6), HAFs (n = 7) and PAFs (n = 21). Cells were cultured in DMEM (10% FCS, 1% penicillin–streptomycin) at 37 °C, 5% CO₂, and counted after 7 and 14 days. (B) Quantification of immunostaining experiments for fibrillary αSMA protein abundance (n _HVF = 4, n _HAF = 7, n _PAF = 6). (C) Basal 24‐h migration capacity of HVFs (n = 5), HAFs (n = 5), and PAFs (n = 6). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Differences between multiple groups were compared with one‐way ANOVA with Newman–Keuls post‐test. *P < 0.05. **P < 0.01. ***P < 0.001; n.s., not significant.