Table 1.
Associations of Early-Life and Adult SES With Inflammation Across Life Course Studies
| Independent Variables | Young adulthood: Add Health (N = 10,586) | Middle age: MIDUS (N = 735) | Older adulthood: HRS (N = 6,381) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV | |
| Early-life SES | 0.84*** | 0.89** | 0.89** | 0.88** | 0.84† | 1.00 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 0.88*** | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.95 |
| (0.77–0.91) | (0.82–0.96) | (0.81–0.96) | (0.80–0.95) | (0.69–1.02) | (0.80–1.25) | (0.82–1.31) | (0.82–1.31) | (0.81–0.95) | (0.87–1.02) | (0.88–1.03) | (0.88–1.03) | |
| Education (ref. HS) | ||||||||||||
| Less than HS | 1.03 | 1.05 | 1.02 | 1.24 | 1.23 | 1.18 | 1.45*** | 1.40*** | 1.35*** | |||
| (0.82–1.29) | (0.82–1.33) | (0.80–1.31) | (0.36–4.29) | (0.37–4.03) | (0.36–3.90) | (1.27–1.65) | (1.22–1.60) | (1.18–1.55) | ||||
| Some college | 0.96 | 1.01 | 0.96 | 0.98 | 1.01 | 1.01 | 1.44** | 1.47** | 1.50*** | |||
| (0.85–1.10) | (0.87–1.14) | (0.84–1.10) | (0.66–1.46) | (0.68–1.51) | (0.68–1.50) | (1.13–1.83) | (1.16–1.87) | (1.18–1.91) | ||||
| College + | 0.73*** | 0.77** | 0.77** | 0.53** | 0.56** | 0.57** | 0.79*** | 0.82** | 0.84* | |||
| (0.62–0.85) | (0.66–0.90) | (0.66–0.90) | (0.36–0.80) | (0.37–0.84) | (0.38–0.86) | (0.69–0.90) | (0.71–0.94) | (0.73–0.97) | ||||
| Income (ref. 2nd–3rd quartile) | ||||||||||||
| 1st quartile | 0.98 | 0.97 | 1.14 | 1.11 | 1.14* | 1.06 | ||||||
| (0.86–1.11) | (0.85–1.12) | (0.82–1.60) | (0.79–1.57) | (1.00–1.29) | (0.93–1.21) | |||||||
| 4th quartile | 0.90 | 0.92 | 0.70* | 0.73† | 0.92 | 0.95 | ||||||
| (0.78–1.03) | (0.80–1.06) | (0.50–1.00) | (0.51–1.05) | (0.80–1.05) | (0.83–1.10) | |||||||
| Assets (ref. 2nd–3rd quartile) | ||||||||||||
| 1st quartile | 1.07 | 1.10 | 1.19* | |||||||||
| (0.96–1.19) | (0.76–1.58) | (1.03–1.38) | ||||||||||
| 4th quartile | 0.98 | 0.86 | 0.90† | |||||||||
| (0.95–1.01) | (0.60–1.23) | (0.80–1.01) | ||||||||||
Note. Results are odds ratios from ordinal logistic regression models. All models adjust for age, race/ethnicity, sex, and self-rated childhood health. Standard errors in parentheses.
***p < .001. **p < .01. *p < .05. †p < .1.