Table 2.
Associations of Early-Life and Adult SES With Metabolic Disorder Across Life Course Studies
| Independent Variables | Young adulthood: Add Health (N = 10,597) | Middle age: MIDUS (N = 709) | Older adulthood: HRS (N = 5,946) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV | |
| Early-life SES | 0.89*** | 0.93*** | 0.93** | 0.93*** | 0.85*** | 0.89* | 0.90* | 0.90* | 0.95*** | 0.97** | 0.97** | 0.97** |
| (0.86–0.93) | (0.90–0.96) | (0.89–0.96) | (0.89–0.97) | (0.78–0.93) | (0.81–0.98) | (0.82–0.99) | (0.82–0.99) | (0.93–0.97) | (0.94–0.99) | (0.95–0.99) | (0.95–0.99) | |
| Education (ref. HS) | ||||||||||||
| Less than HS | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.93 | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 1.04* | 1.03† | 1.02 | |||
| (0.86–1.03) | (0.87–1.04) | (0.84–1.03) | (0.49–1.42) | (0.50–1.39) | (0.49–1.37) | (1.00–1.07) | (1.00–1.07) | (0.99–1.06) | ||||
| Some college | 0.93 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 1.01 | 1.02 | 1.02 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.96 | |||
| (0.88–1.0) | (0.89–1.00) | (0.88–1.03) | (0.86–1.18) | (0.87–1.19) | (0.87–1.19) | (0.88–1.01) | (0.88–1.02) | (0.89–1.03) | ||||
| College + | 0.76*** | 0.79*** | 0.79*** | 0.81* | 0.83† | 0.83† | 0.95** | 0.96* | 0.97 | |||
| (0.71–0.82) | (0.73–0.84) | (0.74–0.85) | (0.68–0.98) | (0.69–1.00) | (0.69–1.00) | (0.91–0.99) | (0.92–1.00) | (0.94–1.01) | ||||
| Income (ref. 2nd–3rd quartile) | ||||||||||||
| 1st quartile | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.00 | 0.98 | ||||||
| (0.95–1.05) | (0.950–1.07) | (0.96–1.28) | (0.96–1.29) | (0.97–1.04) | (0.95–1.02) | |||||||
| 4th quartile | 0.89** | 0.89** | 0.90 | 0.93 | 0.95* | 0.97 | ||||||
| (0.83–0.95) | (0.82–0.98) | (0.77–1.05) | (0.80–1.08) | (0.91–0.99) | (0.93–1.01) | |||||||
| Assets (ref. 2nd–3rd quartile) | ||||||||||||
| 1st quartile | 1.05* | 0.93 | 1.01 | |||||||||
| (1.00–1.10) | (0.80–1.09) | (0.98–1.06) | ||||||||||
| 4th quartile | 0.97 | 0.85* | 0.92*** | |||||||||
| (0.91–1.47) | (0.72–0.99) | (0.89–0.96) | ||||||||||
Note. Results are incidence rate ratios from Poisson regression models. All models adjust for age, race/ethnicity, sex, and self-rated childhood health. Standard errors in parentheses.
***p < .001. **p < .01. *p < .05. †p < .1.