Fig. 4.

The effect of human GDPD3 expression on hepatic lipid and systemic metabolism in chow-fed mice. Six-week-old male mice were treated with the indicated AAV (n = 6 per genotype). Eighteen weeks after AAV injection, plasma and livers were collected from chow-fed mice for the measurement of plasma LysoPA (A); plasma TAG, total cholesterol (TC), and FC (B); and liver TAG, TC, CE, FC, and PL (C). D: Chow-fed mouse body weight was measured at 8, 16, and 24 weeks of age. Chow-fed mice (16–18 weeks of age) were used for the measurement of blood glucose (E), plasma insulin (F), β-hydroxybutyrate (G), oxygen consumption (VO₂), (H), carbon dioxide production (VCO₂), (I), respiratory exchange ratio (VCO₂/VO₂) (J), heat production (K), and food intake (L). All results are mean ± SEM and analyzed using a two-tailed Student’s unpaired t-test.